Table 1. Urine Chemistry.

Group	Days after EG Treatment	Volume (ml)	pH	Calcium (mg/day)	Oxalate (mg/day)	AP (CaOx) index
Untreated Control	7 (n=6)	12.66±2.510	7.33±0.577	5.33±1.250	7.21±1.003	2.265±0.136
	14 (n=6)	14.30±1.154	8.00±0.001	5.25±0.350	6.93±1.000	2.179±0.033
	21 (n=6)	25.00±5.000	7.33±0.577	3.53±0.250	6.82±1.007	2.144±0.029
EGT-Treated control	7 (n=6)	14.33±5.130	6.33±0.577	2.96±1.360	11.97±1.000	3.761±0.282*
	14 (n=4)	18.33±2.880	6.75±0.957	6.50±2.680	12.30±1.026	3.876±1.036*
	21 (n=6)	18.80±4.810	6.00±0.001*	4.86±1.270	12.50±1.018*	3.933±1.506**
EG+PGG (4 mg/kg)	7 (n=6)	18.60±4.040	6.33±0.577	3.90±1.120	10.56±1.010	3.319±0.496
	14 (n=5)	17.50±5.060	6.00±0.001	3.50±1.760##	9.56±1.030*	2.787±0.712
	21 (n=6)	30.00±7.900	6.60±1.341	1.70±0.200##	9.86±1.000#	3.098±0.354
EG+PGG (20 mg/kg)	7 (n=6)	15.33±4.610	7.16±0.288	2.80±1.550	8.13±1.006	2.552±0.261##
	14 (n=6)	17.60±7.820	6.20±0.447	3.10±1.650##	8.87±1.017	2.564±0.099#
	21 (n=5)	31.50±12.700	6.00±0.001	1.73±0.005##	9.49±1.0130##	2.928±0.547

Abbreviations: CaOx, calcium oxalate; EG, ethylene glycol; PGG, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-b-Dglucose. Urinary oxalate excretion was measured by an enzymatic method using oxalate oxidase. Urinary calcium excretion was measured using Hitachi 747 automatic analyzer by ion selective electrode method. AP index was calculated with the urinary values of oxalate, calcium, magnesium, citrate, and volume, according to AP index formula: [(4067 × Ca^0.93 × Ox^0.96) × (Mg^0.55 × (Cit+0.015)^0.60 × V^0.99)]. Data represent means±s.d.

^*P<0.05 and

^**P<0.01 versus untreated control;

^#P<0.05 and

^##P<0.01 versus EG, two-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc analysis.