Table 3.
Gambling-related variables by diagnosis group
| No Diagnosis (n=829) |
DSM-5 Only (n=115) |
Both Diagnoses (n=563) |
Test value** | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of Gambling [n (%)] | |||||
| Gambled on sports | 274 (33.1)a | 49 (42.6)b | 271 (48.1)b | 32.47 | <0.0001 |
| Gambled in casino | 532 (64.2)a | 89 (77.4)b | 469 (83.3)b | 62.90 | <0.0001 |
| Played lottery | 529 (63.8) | 82 (71.3) | 397 (70.5) | 7.90 | 0.019 |
| Played sports for money | 86 (10.4)a | 19 (16.5)b | 137 (24.3)b | 48.49 | <0.0001 |
| Bought stocks/commodities | 10 (1.2) | 5 (4.3) | 12 (2.1) | 6.25 | 0.044 |
| Gambled on Internet | 21 (2.5)a | 7 (6.1)b | 30 (5.3)b | 8.77 | 0.013 |
| Gambling Characteristics* | |||||
| Amount gambled ($) | |||||
| [M (SD)] | 501 (1330)a | 883 (1783)b | 1446 (2410)c | 168.17 | <0.0001 |
| Age at onset (yr) | |||||
| [M (SD)] | 28.2 (9.97) | 27.9 (9.67) | 28.2 (9.75) | 0.08 | 0.96 |
| Months gambled | |||||
| [M (SD)] | 33.6 (66.3)a | 33.5 (51.1)a, b | 37.3 (75.2)b | 25.21 | <0.0001 |
| Frequency of gambling | |||||
| [n (%)] | |||||
| Daily | 297 (35.8)a | 60 (52.2)b | 373 (66.3)c | 124.97 | <0.0001 |
| Weekly or monthly | 532 (64.2)a | 55 (47.8)b | 190 (33.7)c | ||
| Gambling problems | |||||
| [n (%)] | |||||
| Gambling caused problems | 97 (11.5)a | 42 (29.6)b | 417 (71.0)c | 523.00 | <0.0001 |
| People objected to gambling | 130 (13.9)a | 40 (32.2)b | 389 (66.1)c | 402.08 | <0.0001 |
*
During the period when subjects gambled the most.
**
Test value: Results from ANOVA for continuous data and Chi-square analysis for categorical data. When ANOVA showed a significant difference (p<0.05), the Tukey-Kramer test was used a posteriori to specify the group differences. Superscript labels with different letters reflect significant group differences.