FIG 7.

Arsenite-induced antiviral granules suppress wild-type vaccinia virus replication. (A) HeLa cells were infected with WT-VACV at an MOI of 0.1 and treated at 1 hpi in triplicate with PBS or 50 μM arsenite. In a separate set of wells, 200 U/ml beta 1 interferon was added 24 h before infection. Samples were harvested at 2, 24, 48, and 72 hpi, and viral titers were measured by a plaque assay on BSC-40 cells. The chart displays standard errors of the means for at least 2 independent experiments. (B) HeLa cells were infected with an LREV vaccinia virus expressing the mCherry reporter from the late promoter (G8) at an MOI of 1. Normalized late-stage expression after treatment with arsenite (−0.7% ± 1.0%), thapsigargin (48.5% ± 2.7%), and hippuristanol (−0.2% ± 0.5%) but not IFN (101.1% ± 8.4%) (P = 0.9999) showed a significant decrease (**, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.005; ****, P < 0.0001).