LtxA causes lysis of human, ovine, and murine erythrocytes. Human, ovine, and murine erythrocytes were incubated with increasing concentrations of LtxA from A. actinomycetemcomitans for 60 min at 37°C at 250 rpm. Values are given as mean ± SEM for human erythrocytes (n = 9), murine erythrocytes (n = 5), and ovine erythrocytes (n = 6).