Treatment of needle proteins with proteinase K, lipoprotein lipase, and polymyxin B retains NF-κB/AP-1 activation. Needle proteins (1 μg/ml) (A, B, and C) and LcrG (1 μg/ml) (B and C), PBS, flagellin (1 μg/ml) (A), Pam3 (1 μg/ml) (B), or LPS (1 μg/ml) (C) were incubated with proteinase K (A), lipoprotein lipase (LPL; 50 μg/ml) (B), or polymyxin B (PMB; 20 μg/ml) (C) before addition to THP1-XBlue cells. *, P is between 0.05 and 0.01; ***, P is between 0.001 and 0.0001; ****, P < 0.0001; ns, not significant.