Table 2. Characteristics of responders that confirmed improvement in blood glucose levels and non‐responders that discontinued liraglutide on account of its side‐effects or no improvement of glycemic control (divided with respect to pretreatment status before liraglutide administration).
| Drug‐naïve/previous OHAs | Switched from insulin | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Responders (n = 65) | Non‐responders (n = 8) | Responders (n = 57) | Non‐responders (n = 25) | |
| Male:female (n) | 32:33 | 7:1 | 26:31 | 9:16 |
| Inpatients (%) | 35/65 (53.8) | 4/8 (50.0) | 12/57 (21.1) | 6/25 (24.0) |
| Age (years) | 61.3 ± 1.5 | 67.9 ± 2.6 | 60.3 ± 1.8 | 69.4 ± 2.1‡ |
| DM duration (years) | 11.6 ± 1.0 | 14.9 ± 3.2 | 13.5 ± 1.2 | 20.2 ± 2.0‡ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.8 ± 0.7 | 26.7 ± 0.9 | 25.8 ± 0.7** | 27.2 ± 1.1 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.1 ± 0.2 | 9.7 ± 0.5 | 8.6 ± 0.2 | 8.7 ± 0.3 |
| Gly‐A (%) | 24.1 ± 0.9 | 28.5 ± 2.7 | 24.3 ± 0.9 | 24.6 ± 1.0 |
| Fasting CPR (ng/mL) | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.1** | 1.2 ± 0.2‡ |
| Maximum CPR (ng/mL) | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.2** | 3.0 ± 0.3‡ |
| Delta CPR (ng/mL) | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.2* | 1.1 ± 0.1‡ |
| Urine CPR (μg/day) | 93.2 ± 8.0 | 112.4 ± 22.4 | 71.7 ± 6.4* | 39.6 ± 6.0‡ |
| Insulin dose (U/day) | – | – | 22.0 ± 1.7 | 32.6 ± 4.4† |
All values are expressed as mean ± SEM.
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus responders of drug naïve/previous oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs); †P < 0.05, ‡P < 0.01 versus responders that switched from insulin.
BMI, body mass index; CPR, C‐peptide immunoreactivity; DM, diabetes mellitus; Gly‐A, glycosylated albumin; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.