Table 2.  Odds ratios for 5‐year incidence of diabetes mellitus.

	n	Cases	Multivariate‐adjusted*		HbA1c‐adjusted†
			OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Men
Age (years)
46–55 (reference)	533	22	1		1
56–65	1257	99	2.25	1.37–3.68	1.84	1.09–3.09
66–75	1286	111	2.64	1.60–4.37	2.23	1.32–3.78
Body mass Index‡
1st quartile (reference)	769	44	1		1
2nd quartile	766	55	1.30	0.86–1.98	1.35	0.87–2.10
3rd quartile	771	63	1.59	1.06–2.41	1.51	0.97–2.33
4th quartile	770	70	1.73	1.15–2.62	1.51	0.98–2.34
Smoking
Never (reference)	1273	69	1		1
Past	817	68	1.52	1.06–2.17	1.16	0.80–1.69
Current (<20/day)	372	35	2.00	1.29–3.10	1.76	1.11–2.80
Current (≥20/day)	614	60	2.29	1.56–3.35	1.72	1.14–2.59
Alcohol intake
Non‐drinker (reference)	1009	74	1		1
1st tertile	515	29	0.85	0.54–1.34	0.76	0.47–1.23
2nd tertile	652	56	1.22	0.84–1.78	1.12	0.76–1.67
3rd tertile	900	73	1.07	0.75–1.52	1.01	0.69–1.47
Family history of diabetes (+)	291	46	2.73	1.91–3.91	2.41	1.64–3.55
Physical activity (leisure time; active)	795	61	0.98	0.72–1.35	1.04	0.74–1.45
Walking
<0.5 h/day (reference)	370	36	1		1
0.5–0.9 h/day	627	47	0.74	0.46–1.18	0.64	0.39–1.06
1–1.9 h/day	602	48	0.81	0.50–1.32	0.75	0.45–1.27
≥2 h/day	1477	101	0.76	0.49–1.19	0.60	0.36–0.97
Physical activity (daily)
Light (reference)	420	37	1		1
Moderate	1346	104	0.95	0.62–1.44	0.87	0.55–1.37
Slightly heavy	1106	80	0.99	0.62–1.58	0.98	0.59–1.61
Heavy	204	11	0.73	0.34–1.56	0.64	0.29–1.41
Hypertension (+)	1421	123	1.20	0.90–1.60	1.27	0.93–1.72
Coffee intake
<1 cups/day (reference)	1795	139	1		1
1–1.9 cups/day	629	47	1.01	0.71–1.43	0.98	0.67–1.42
2–2.9 cups/day	369	26	0.98	0.63–1.54	0.93	0.58–1.50
≥3 cups/day	283	20	1.09	0.65–1.84	0.91	0.52–1.59
HbA1c (per 0.1% increase)					1.36	1.30–1.42
Women
Age (years)
46–55 (reference)	1310	47	1		1
56–65	2907	139	1.18	0.83–1.67	0.76	0.52–1.11
66–75	1930	100	1.26	0.87–1.83	0.79	0.52–1.19
Body mass index‡
1st quartile (reference)	1535	31	1		1
2nd quartile	1538	59	1.92	1.23–2.99	1.86	1.18–2.96
3rd quartile	1531	77	2.41	1.57–3.70	2.02	1.29–3.16
4th quartile	1543	119	3.68	2.44–5.55	2.64	1.72–4.07
Smoking
Never (reference)	5953	279	1		1
Past	59	3	1.17	0.35–3.83	1.92	0.56–6.57
Current (<20/day)	96	3	0.92	0.28–2.96	0.76	0.21–2.70
Current (≥20/day)	39	1	0.63	0.08–4.72	0.79	0.09–6.75
Alcohol intake
Non‐drinker (reference)	5447	262	1		1
1st tertile	232	7	0.62	0.29–1.35	0.55	0.25–1.25
2nd tertile	185	10	1.18	0.61–2.29	0.94	0.47–1.90
3rd tertile	283	7	0.54	0.25–1.17	0.44	0.20–0.99
Family history of diabetes (+)	768	69	2.47	1.85–3.30	1.69	1.23–2.32
Physical activity (leisure time) (active)	1818	87	1.03	0.79–1.34	0.97	0.73–1.29
Walking
<0.5 h/day (reference)	768	39	1		1
0.5–0.9 h/day	1342	62	0.89	0.58–1.36	0.89	0.57–1.40
1–1.9 h/day	1368	66	0.94	0.61–1.44	0.84	0.53–1.33
≥2 h/day	2669	119	0.94	0.63–1.41	0.80	0.52–1.22
Physical activity (daily)
Light (reference)	955	45	1		1
Moderate	4466	209	1.02	0.72–1.46	0.99	0.68–1.44
Slightly heavy	663	28	0.99	0.59–1.66	0.81	0.47–1.41
Heavy	63	4	1.32	0.44–3.91	0.81	0.25–2.59
Hypertension (+)	2392	148	1.42	1.11–1.83	1.52	1.16–1.99
Coffee intake
<1 cups/day (reference)	3967	196	1		1
1–1.9 cups/day	1213	51	0.85	0.61–1.17	0.86	0.61–1.22
2–2.9 cups/day	779	35	0.97	0.66–1.43	1.04	0.69–1.57
≥3 cups/day	188	4	0.46	0.17–1.26	0.55	0.19–1.57
HbA1c (per 0.1% increase)					1.52	1.45–1.59

*Adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, family history of diabetes, leisure time physical activity, walking, daily physical activity, hypertension and coffee intake.

^†Adjusted for variables listed above and baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA_1c) value.

^‡Body mass index was divided into quartiles (1st quartile, <21.6 kg/m² for men and <21.5 kg/m² for women; 2nd quartile, 21.6–23.5 kg/m² for men and 21.5–23.4 kg/m² for women; 3rd quartile, 23.6–25.4 kg/m² for men and 23.5–25.5 kg/m² for women; 4th quartile, ≥25.5 kg/m² for men and ≥25.6 kg/m² for women).