Table 3.
Relative risk of all-cause mortality by social network component and by level of social support among 2,264 participants diagnosed with breast cancer from the LACE cohort, 1997–2000.
| N | All-cause mortality | Low support | 95% CI | All-cause mortality | High support | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social network size* | |||||||
| Socially integrated | 761 | 48 | 1.00 | 61 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderately integrated | 706 | 64 | 1.11 | (0.75–1.63) | 58 | 1.00 | (0.68–1.47) |
| Socially isolated | 797 | 105 | 1.51 | (1.05–2.18) | 65 | 1.08 | (0.73–1.59) |
| p-value** | 0.006 | 0.71 | |||||
| p-interaction | 0.41 | ||||||
| Married | |||||||
| Yes | 1533 | 117 | 1.00 | 112 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 724 | 100 | 1.08 | (0.81–1.45) | 72 | 1.32 | (0.95–1.85) |
| p-value | 0.59 | 0.10 | |||||
| p-interaction | 0.07 | ||||||
| First-degree female relatives | |||||||
| 3 or more | 1051 | 98 | 1.00 | 77 | 1.00 | ||
| 1–2 | 844 | 76 | 1.20 | (0.69–2.11) | 74 | 1.47 | (0.61–3.53) |
| 0 | 158 | 18 | 1.14 | (0.66–1.97) | 12 | 1.06 | (0.74–1.51) |
| p-value | 0.43 | 0.55 | |||||
| p-interaction | 0.41 | ||||||
| Any volunteering | |||||||
| Yes | 420 | 24 | 1.00 | 38 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 1515 | 156 | 1.78 | (1.15–2.77) | 118 | 0.89 | (0.60–1.32) |
| p-value | 0.01 | 0.57 | |||||
| p-interaction | 0.01 | ||||||
| Religious, social, cultural participation | |||||||
| ≥1 hour/wk | 749 | 48 | 1.00 | 61 | 1.00 | ||
| Up to 1 hr/wk | 648 | 60 | 1.33 | (0.90–1.97) | 53 | 0.95 | (0.64–1.40) |
| Not at all | 522 | 70 | 1.58 | (1.07–2.36) | 38 | 0.90 | (0.58–1.39) |
| p-value | 0.08 | 0.68 | |||||
| p-interaction | 0.04 | ||||||
| Socializing with friends | |||||||
| ≥2 hour/wk | 985 | 83 | 1.00 | 85 | 1.00 | ||
| 0.5–<2 hour/wk | 744 | 66 | 1.08 | (0.78–1.51) | 62 | 1.26 | (0.90–1.77) |
| 0–<0.5 h/wk | 197 | 28 | 1.82 | (1.14–2.91) | 9 | 0.81 | (0.40–1.64) |
| p-value | 0.82 | 0.39 | |||||
| p-interaction | 0.26 |
Models adjusted for age at diagnosis, time between diagnosis and assessment of social networks, race (white, nonwhite[ref]), education (<college graduate [ref], college graduate), any family history of breast cancer (no history [ref], yes), cancer stage at diagnosis (1 [ref], 2, 3), tumor size (continuous), HER-2 neu status (positive, negative[ref]), nodal status (no involvement [ref], any involvement), estrogen-receptor status (positive, negative [ref]), chemotherapy (yes, no [ref]), radiation (yes, no [ref]), tamoxifen (never, past, current [ref]), age at menarche (continuous), age at first birth (never had pregnancy lasting at least 5 months, <20 [ref], 20–29,30–39, ≥40 years [ref]), parity (0, 1, 2, 3, 4+ [ref] pregnancies ≥ 5 months), menopausal status (pre[ref], post), smoking status (never [ref], past, current), body mass index (<25 [reference] 25–29, 30+ kg/m2), physical activity (quartiles, quartile 1 [ref]), and alcohol intake (0 [ref], >0 svg/wk).
p-value, continuous variable