Table 2.
Summary Associations for (1) users of no contraceptive method versus any contraceptive method and (2) users of a highly effective method (tier 1) versus any other contraceptive method (tiers 2, 3, or 4) by demographic, disease, and reproductive characteristics
| Summary table (n=162) | No contraceptive method n (%) N=38 | Any contraceptive method (WHO Tier 1–4) n (%) N=124 | P value | Tier 1 contraceptive method n (%) N=27 | Tier 2,3, or 4 contraceptive method n (%) N=97 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||||
| Age in years: Mean (±SD) | 31.8 (6.6) | 31.0 (6.5) | 0.49 | 34.6 (6.0) | 30.0 (6.0) | 0.0008 |
| Race | 0.23 | 0.39 | ||||
| Non-White | 2 (5.3) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (1.0) | ||
| White | 36 (94.7) | 122 (98.4) | 26 (96.3) | 96 (99.0) | ||
| Education | 0.04 | 1 | ||||
| High school or less | 6 (15.8) | 7 (5.6) | 1 (3.7) | 6 (6.2) | ||
| College or greater | 32 (84.2) | 117 (94.4) | 26 (96.3) | 91 (93.8) | ||
| Relationship status | 0.46 | 0.31 | ||||
| Married/cohabitating | 31 (81.6) | 94 (75.8) | 23 (85.2) | 71 (73.2) | ||
| Dating/single | 7 (18.4) | 30 (24.2) | 4 (14.8) | 26 (26.8) | ||
| Religion | 0.41 | 0.74 | ||||
| No affiliation | 15 (39.5) | 40 (32.3) | 8 (29.6) | 32 (33.0) | ||
| Any affiliation | 23 (60.5) | 84 (67.7) | 19 (70.4) | 65 (67.0) | ||
| Employment | 0.46 | 0.1 | ||||
| Currently working | 24 (63.2) | 70 (56.5) | 19 (70.4) | 51 (52.6) | ||
| Not working/student | 14 (36.8) | 54 (43.5) | 8 (29.6) | 46 (47.4) | ||
| Insurance Type | 0.57 | 0.04 | ||||
| Private plan | 32 (91.4) | 98 (86.7) | 24 (100) | 74 (83.2) | ||
| Medicaid/Medicare | 3 (8.6) | 15 (13.3) | 0 | 15 (16.8) | ||
| Disease Characteristics | ||||||
| Diagnosis | 0.85 | 0.32 | ||||
| Ulcerative colitis | 33.6 (36) | 32.4 (34) | 8 (29.6) | 39 (40.2) | ||
| Crohn's disease | 66.4 (71) | 67.6 (71) | 19 (70.4) | 58 (59.8) | ||
| No. months since diagnosis: Mean (±SD) | 104.7 (61.2) | 115.4 (81.1 | 0.45 | 132.0 (83.5) | 110.8 (80.2) | 0.23 |
| History IBD-related surgery | 27 (71.1) | 63 (50.8) | 0.03 | 19 (70.4) | 44 (45.4) | 0.02 |
| Current IBD Medications | 24 (63.2) | 96 (77.4) | 0.08 | 21 (77.3) | 75 (77.8) | 0.96 |
| Current Aminosalicylate Use | 7 (18.4) | 43 (34.7) | 0.06 | 10 (37.0) | 33 (34.0) | 0.77 |
| Current immunomodulator Use | 9 (23.7) | 28 (22.6) | 0.89 | 5 (18.5) | 23 (23.7) | 0.57 |
| Current topical steroid use | 1 (2.6) | 4 (3.2) | 1 | 0 | 4 (4.1) | 0.58 |
| Current systemic steroid use | 7 (18.4) | 20 (16.1) | 0.74 | 5 (18.5) | 15 (15.5) | 0.7 |
| Current biologic use | 14 (36.4) | 46 (37.1) | 0.98 | 14 (51.9) | 32 (33.0) | 0.07 |
| Past Aminosalicylate Use | 34 (89.5) | 98 (79.0) | 0.15 | 23 (85.2) | 75 (77.3) | 0.44 |
| Past immunomodulator Use | 24 (63.2) | 76 (61.3) | 0.84 | 21 (77.8) | 55 (56.7) | 0.05 |
| Past topical steroid use | 10 (26.3) | 32 (25.8) | 0.95 | 9 (33.3) | 23 (23.7) | 0.31 |
| Past systemic steroid use | 33 (86.8) | 102 (82.3) | 0.51 | 21 (77.8) | 81 (83.5) | 0.49 |
| Past biologic use | 24 (63.2) | 56 (45.2) | 0.05 | 14 (51.9) | 42 (43.3) | 0.43 |
| Reproductive History/Goals | 0.001 | |||||
| Number prior livebirths | 0.36 | |||||
| 0 | 16 (42.1) | 70 (56.5) | 9 (33.3) | 61 (62.9) | ||
| 1 | 3 (7.9) | 9 (7.3) | 1 (3.7) | 8 (8.2) | ||
| 2 | 10 (26.3) | 20 (16.1) | 4 (14.8) | 16 (16.5) | ||
| ≥3 | 9 (23.7) | 25 (20.1) | 13 (48.2) | 12 (12.4) | ||
| Feeling of urgency to become pregnant | 12 (52.2) | 35 (41.7) | 0.37 | 2 (25) | 33 (43.4) | 0.46 |
SD = Standard Deviation; IBD = Inflammatory Bowel Disease
IBD medication classes with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (F.D.A.) pregnancy category (A-X):
- Aminosalicylates include balsalazide (B), sulfasalazine (A), mesalamine (C), and olsalazine (C)
- Immunomodulators include azathioprine (D), 6-mercaptopurine (D), and methotrexate (X)
- Topical steroids include hydrocortisone (C) enemas, suppositories, and other formulations
- Systemic steroids include budesonide (B), prednisone (C), methylprednisolone (C), and prednisolone (C)
- Biologic therapies include infliximab (B), adalimumab (B), certolizumab (B), and natalizumab (C)