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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2013 Nov 27;9(3):277–284. doi: 10.1007/s11481-013-9516-y

Fig 1. Effect of Li chloride (LiCl) on Ccl2 expression and production in the absence (basal) or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human macrophages.

Fig 1

THP-1X-blue monocytes (Anur et al., 2012; Tang et al., 2012; Waisberg et al., 2012) were differentiated into macrophages by incubating with 50 ng/ml of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (Sigma Aldrich) as described before (Vuletic et al., 2011). Cells were washed with PBS and allowed to rest 24 hours prior to stimulation. Differentiated macrophages were pretreated with NaCl (30 mM), or LiCl (30 mM) for 12 hours followed by either no treatment or treatment with lipopolysaccharide (2 ng/ml) for another 9 hours (for RNA) or 18 hours (for ELISA). After treatment, RNA was extracted and mRNA levels determined using quantitative real-time RT-PCR as described before (Packiriswamy et al., 2013; Sharma et al., 2013). Supernatants were analyzed for CCL2 levels using ELISA from eBiosciences Inc. as described before (Irwin et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013). *p<0.05; **p<0.01. N = 3–10.

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