Table 2.
Unadjusted 30, 90 Day mortality Rates by selected demographic, hospital and clinical characteristics, and significant comorbid conditions
| 30-Day Mortality (N=35,055) | 90-Day Conditional Mortality1 (N=33,250) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality (%), 95% Confidence Intervals | Number of Deaths/ N | Mortality (%), 95% Confidence Intervals | Number of Deaths/ N | |
| All Cases | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) | 936/35,055 | 4.6 (4.3–4.8) | 1,519/33,250 |
| Average Annual Volume2,3 | ||||
| 0–9 | 3.2 (3.0–3.5) | 574/17,761 | 4.9 (4.6–5.3) | 828/16,883 |
| 10–19 | 2.5 (2.0–2.9) | 147/5,965 | 5.1 (4.5–5.6) | 287/5,678 |
| >=20 | 1.9 (1.6–2.2) | 215/11,329 | 3.8 (3.3–4.3) | 404/10,689 |
| Diagnosis Years3 | ||||
| 2004–2007 | 2.7 (2.4–2.9) | 444/16,574 | 4.8 (4.4–5.2) | 771/16,031 |
| 2008–2011 | 2.7 (2.4–2.9) | 492/18,481 | 4.3 (4.0–4.7) | 748/17,219 |
| Hospital Category2,3 | ||||
| Community | 3.4 (2.4–4.4) | 57/1,674 | 5.2 (4.0–6.4) | 83/1,601 |
| Comprehensive Community | 3.3 (3.0–3.6) | 354/10,752 | 5.1 (4.6–5.5) | 519/10,212 |
| Academic | 2.3 (2.0–2.6) | 456/19,837 | 4.3 (3.9–4.7) | 805/18,778 |
| Other | 2.5 (1.9–3.1) | 69/2,792 | 4.2 (3.4–5.1) | 112/2,659 |
| Age2,3 | ||||
| 18–49 | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 20/1,965 | 2.8 (2.1–3.5) | 53/1,885 |
| 50–59 | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 63/5,993 | 2.0 (1.6–2.4) | 116/5,783 |
| 60–69 | 1.8 (1.5–2.0) | 192/10,868 | 3.1 (2.7–3.5) | 322/10,413 |
| 70–79 | 3.3 (2.9–3.6) | 383/11,703 | 5.7 (5.2–6.2) | 628/11,036 |
| >=80 | 6.1 (5.4–6.9) | 278/4,526 | 9.7 (8.8–10.6) | 400/4,133 |
| Sex3 | ||||
| Male | 2.7 (2.4–2.9) | 702/26,409 | 4.3 (4.0–4.6) | 1,079/25,031 |
| Female | 2.7 (2.3–3.1) | 234/8,646 | 5.4 (4.8–6.0) | 440/8,219 |
| Race2,3 | ||||
| White | 2.6 (2.4–3.9) | 840/31,728 | 4.6 (4.3–4.8) | 1,374/30,133 |
| Black | 3.4 (2.6–4.2) | 72/2,108 | 5.5 (4.4–6.6) | 108/1,968 |
| Other | 2.0 (1.2–2.7) | 24/1,219 | 3.2 (2.2–4.3) | 37/1,149 |
| Insurance2,3 | ||||
| None/Medicaid | 1.7 (1.1–2.3) | 29/1,730 | 4.8 (3.7–5.9) | 79/1,635 |
| Private | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 154/11,836 | 2.8 (2.5–3.1) | 317/11,381 |
| Medicare | 3.6 (3.3–3.9) | 710/19,755 | 5.6 (5.3–6.0) | 1,050/18,589 |
| Other, Unknown | 2.5 (1.8–3.2) | 43/1,734 | 4.4 (3.3–5.6) | 73/1,645 |
| Median Income Quintiles2,3.4 | ||||
| < $28,000 (Lowest Quintle) | 3.6 (2.8–4.4) | 96/2,684 | 5.4 (4.5–6.3) | 136/2,517 |
| >=$28,000 | 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | 840/32,371 | 4.5 (4.2–4.8) | 1,383/30,733 |
| Census Region5 | ||||
| New England | 2.5 (1.8–3.2) | 51/2,043 | 4.6 (3.7–5.6) | 91/1,962 |
| Middle Atlantic | 2.5 (2.1–3.0) | 133/5,261 | 4.7 (3.8–5.6) | 234/4,985 |
| South Atlantic | 2.6 (2.1–3.1) | 166/6,428 | 4.9 (4.3–5.5) | 297/6,068 |
| East North Central | 3.3 (2.7–3.9) | 240/7,300 | 4.2 (3.7–4.8) | 291/6,894 |
| East South Central | 3.0 (2.4–3.6) | 80/2,665 | 5.4 (4.6–6.2) | 137/2,530 |
| West North Central | 2.4 (1.8–3.1) | 75/3,092 | 4.1 (3.1–5.0) | 120/2,951 |
| West South Central | 2.6 (1.8–3.4) | 62/2,352 | 4.7 (3.7–5.7) | 105/2,232 |
| Mountain | 2.5 (1.5–3.5) | 42/1,675 | 4.3 (3.1–5.4) | 68/1,592 |
| Pacific | 2.1 (1.7–2.5) | 87/4,142 | 4.4 (3.6–5.2) | 174/3,959 |
| Stage2,3 | ||||
| 0–II | 2.1 (1.8–2.3) | 337/16,352 | 2.2 (2.0–2.5) | 349/15,515 |
| III,T4bN0M0/N+M0 | 3.2 (2.9–3.5) | 599/18,703 | 6.6 (6.2–7.0) | 1,170/17,735 |
| Grade | ||||
| Well or moderately differentiated | 2.5 (1.9–3.1) | 69/2,735 | 3.8 (3.0–4.6) | 100/2,618 |
| Poorly differentiated or undifferentiated | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) | 805/29,673 | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 1,320/28,140 |
| Unknown | 2.3 (1.8–2.9) | 62/2,647 | 4.0 (3.1–4.8) | 99/2,492 |
| Prior Cancers2,3 | ||||
| None | 2.5 (2.3–2.7) | 693/27,970 | 4.3 (4.0–4.6) | 1,133/26,595 |
| One or more | 3.4 (3.0–3.9) | 243/7,085 | 5.8 (5.2–6.4) | 386/6,655 |
| Cystectomy Type3 | ||||
| Total | 3.5 (2.5–4.6) | 48/1,356 | 4.0 (2.8–5.1) | 51/1,285 |
| With reconstruction | 2.6 (2.4–2.9) | 698/26,384 | 4.4 (4.1–4.6) | 1,094/25,075 |
| With Pelvic exenteration | 2.6 (2.2–3.0) | 190/7,315 | 5.4 (4.8–6.1) | 374/6,890 |
| Neo-adjuvant Chemo2,3 | ||||
| Yes | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | 85/5,302 | 3.1 (2.6–3.7) | 155/4,975 |
| No | 2.9 (2.6–3.1) | 851/29,753 | 4.8 (4.5–5.1) | 1,364/28,275 |
| Elixhauser Comorbid conditions | ||||
| Congestive Heart Failure2,3 | ||||
| No | 2.5 (2.3–2.7) | 861/34,071 | 4.4 (4.1–4.7) | 1,417/32,351 |
| Yes | 7.6 (5.9–9.4) | 75/984 | 11.3 (9.3–13.4) | 102/899 |
| Cardiac Arrythmias2,3 | ||||
| No | 2.5 (2.3–2.7) | 805/32,288 | 4.3 (4.0–4.6) | 1,324/30,685 |
| Yes | 4.7 (3.9–5.6) | 131/2,767 | 7.6 (6.5–8.8) | 195/2,565 |
| Vascular Disease2 | ||||
| No | 2.7 (2.4–2.9) | 928/34,938 | 4.6 (4.3–4.8) | 1,512/33,148 |
| Yes | 6.8 (2.3–11.3) | 8/117 | 6.9 (1.9–11.8) | 7/102 |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease3 | ||||
| No | 2.6 (2.4–2.9) | 896/33,893 | 4.5 (4.2–4.8) | 1,452/32,151 |
| Yes | 3.4 (2.3–4.6) | 40/1,162 | 6.1 (4.7–7.5) | 67/1,099 |
| Hypertension3 | ||||
| No | 2.8 (2.6–3.1) | 618/21,855 | 4.8 (4.5–5.1) | 998/20,715 |
| Yes | 2.4 (2.1–2.7) | 318/13,200 | 4.2 (3.7–4.6) | 521/12,535 |
| Other Neurologic Disorders2,3 | ||||
| No | 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | 900/34,593 | 4.5 (4.2–4.8) | 1,484/32,844 |
| Yes | 7.8 (5.3–10.2) | 36/462 | 8.6 (5.8–11.4) | 35/406 |
| Chronic Pulmonary Disease2,3 | ||||
| No | 2.5 (2.3–2.7) | 762/30,463 | 4.4 (4.1–4.7) | 1,286/28,935 |
| Yes | 3.8 (3.2–4.3) | 174/4,592 | 5.4 (4.8–6.0) | 233/4,315 |
| Diabetes, Uncomplicated2,3 | ||||
| No | 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | 791/30,466 | 4.4 (4.1–5.7) | 1,282/28,914 |
| Yes | 3.2 (2.7–3.6) | 145/4,444 | 5.5 (4.8–6.1) | 237/4,336 |
| Diabetes, Complicated2 | ||||
| No | 2.6 (2.4–2.9) | 920/34,746 | 4.6 (4.3–4.9) | 1,507/32,694 |
| Yes | 5.2 (2.9–7.5) | 16/309 | 4.2 (2.0–6.4) | 12/286 |
| Renal Failure2,3 | ||||
| No | 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | 906/34,657 | 4.5 (4.2–4.8) | 1,480/32,889 |
| Yes | 7.5 (4.9–10.1) | 30/398 | 10.8 (7.6–14.0) | 39/361 |
| Liver Disease2 | ||||
| No | 2.7 (2.4–2.9) | 926/34,870 | 4.6 (4.3–4.8) | 1,508/33,079 |
| Yes | 5.4 (2.3–8.5) | 10/185 | 6.4 (2.6–10.2) | 11/171 |
| Coagulopathy2,3 | ||||
| No | 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | 905/34,566 | 4.5 (4.2–4.8) | 1,485/32,808 |
| Yes | 6.3 (4.1–8.6) | 31/489 | 7.7 (5.2–10.2) | 34/442 |
| Obesity3 | ||||
| No | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) | 919/34,128 | 4.6 (4.3–4.9) | 1,495/32,372 |
| Yes | 1.8 (0.9–2.7) | 17/927 | 2.7 (1.8–3.7) | 24/878 |
| Weight Loss2,3 | ||||
| No | 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | 884/34,086 | 4.7 (4.1–4.6) | 1,415/32,357 |
| Yes | 5.4 (3.9–6.9) | 52/964 | 11.6 (9.7–13.6) | 104/893 |
| Fluid, Electrolyte Disorders2,3 | ||||
| No | 2.5 (2.3–2.7) | 792/31,978 | 4.3 (4.1–4.6) | 1,315/30,380 |
| Yes | 4.7 (3.9–5.5) | 144/3,077 | 7.1 (6.2–8.0) | 204/2,870 |
| Blood Loss Anemias2 | ||||
| No | 2.6 (2.4–2.9) | 916/34,578 | 4.6 (4.3–4.8) | 1,498/32,800 |
| Yes | 4.2 (2.4–6.0) | 20/477 | 4.7 (2.8–6.5) | 21/450 |
| Psychoses3 | ||||
| No | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) | 931/34,740 | 4.5 (4.3–4.8) | 1,497/32,945 |
| Yes | 1.6 (0.2–3.0) | 5/315 | 7.2 (4.1–10.3) | 22/305 |
1
90-day mortality excludes deaths within first 30 days.
2
p < =.05, 30-day mortality
3
p < =.05, 90-day mortality.
4
Based on 2000 Census data income of patient zip code. 2,037 cases with missing income classifed included in top quartile group.
5
Excludes 97 cases living outside the U.S. Census region states include: New England: (ME,VT,NH, MA, CT,RI); Middle Atlantic (NY, PA, NJ); South Atlantic (WV,MD,DE,DC,VA,NC,SC,GA,FL); East North Central (WI,IL,MI,IN,OH); East South Central (KY,TN,MS,AL); West North Central (ND,SD,NE,KS,MN,IA,MO); West South Central (OK,AR,LA,TX); Mountain (MT,ID,WY,NV,UT,CO,AZ,NM); Pacific (WA,OR,CA,HI).