TABLE 4.
Relative hazards of cardiovascular outcomes associated with presence of pre- and post-transplant cardiovascular risk factors.
| Risk factor | Hazard ratio (95% CI) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular death |
Ischemic heart disease |
Cardiomyopathy /heart failure |
Stroke | |||||
| Pre-transplant* | ||||||||
| Current smoking vs. none | 2.7 | (0.8–9.2) | 2.3 | (0.95–5.4) | 1.8 | (0.6–5.1) | 0.4 | (0.04–3.8) |
| Obese vs. normal/underweight | 1.5 | (0.6–4.0) | 2.0 | (0.8–4.9) | 1.2 | (0.5–2.9) | 1.5 | (0.5–4.3) |
| Hypertension treatment vs. none | 0.8 | (0.1–4.0) | 2.3 | (0.6–8.9) | 1.5 | (0.6–3.7) | 4.8 | (1.1–21.0) |
| Dyslipidemia treatment vs. none | 3.8 | (1.0–14.4) | 1.8 | (0.4–8.1) | 3.2 | (0.7–14.9) | 1.4 | (0.2–11.2) |
| Diabetes treatment vs. none | 3.3 | (0.6–7.4) | 2.7 | (0.8–0.0) | 1.5 | (0.5–4.8) | 0.6 | (0.1–6.1) |
| Risk associated with presence of each additional risk factor† | 1.8 | (1.2–2.8) | 2.1 | (1.4–3.1) | 7.5 | (1.1–2.2) | 1.3 | (0.7–2.2) |
| 1-yr post-transplant* | ||||||||
| Obese vs. normal/underweight | 1.7 | (0.6–4.8) | 2.0 | (0.8–4.9) | 0.6 | (0.2–1.5) | 1.4 | (0.5–3.6) |
| Hypertension treatment vs. none | 1.9 | (0.6–5.8) | 2.2 | (0.7–6.6) | 3.8 | (1.4–8.6) | 2.2 | (0.9–5.8) |
| Dyslipidemia treatment vs. none | 2.0 | (0.3–16.3) | 3.6 | (0.7–18.0) | 1.0 | (0.1–8.3) | 7.4 | (1.2–47.0) |
| Diabetes treatment vs. none | 1.3 | (0.4–4.2) | 1.2 | (0.4–3.4) | 1.4 | (0.5–3.8) | 0.1 | (0.02–0.8) |
| Risk associated with presence of each additional risk factor‡ | 1.6 | (0.97–2.6) | 1.7 | (1.1–2.7) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 | (0.7–2.2) |
| If restricted to those with risk factor also present at last follow-up‡ | 1.9 | (1.1–3.1) | 2.2 | (1.4–3.7) | 1.3 | (0.9–2.0) | 1.7 | (0.98–2.9) |
| ≥2-yr post-transplant§ | ||||||||
| Hypertension treatment vs. none | 1.4 | (0.5–3.9) | 3.6 | (1.7–7.6) | 2.8 | (1.3–5.7) | 1.8 | (0.8–4.0) |
| Dyslipidemia treatment vs. none | 2.1 | (0.8–5.5) | 1.1 | (0.4–3.0) | 1.8 | (0.8–4.4) | 1.9 | (0.6–5.4) |
| Diabetes treatment vs. none | 3.5 | (1.3–9.6) | 2.8 | (1.0–7.9) | 1.5 | (0.5–4.6) | 0.9 | (0.2–3.3) |
*
Models included factors examined in Table 3, plus concurrent adjustment of factors listed below.
†
Trend test for 0, 1,2, and ≥3 risk factors including tobacco use, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes.
‡
Trend test for 0, 1,2, and ≥3 risk factors including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes.
§
Models included all factors examined in Table 3, plus concurrent adjustment of factors listed below as time-dependent variables.