Table 1.
Demographic characteristics in schizophrenia and healthy participant groups and clinical characteristics in participants with schizophrenia.
| SZ-low IQ, n = 65 | HC-low IQ, n = 13 | SZ-normal IQ, n = 111 | HC-normal IQ, n = 115 | SZ-superior IQ, n = 20 | HC-superior IQ, n = 50 | Statistics (F-values) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 31.8 (11.7) | 34.4 (12.3) | 30.0 (8.4) | 36.6 (10.6) | 30.9 (6.4) | 31.4 (8.2) | Group: 5.5* |
| 18–60 | 18–53 | 17–57 | 18–55 | 22–42 | 19–51 | ||
| Education | 10.9 (1.8) | 12.1 (1.3) | 12.5 (2.2) | 13.6 (2.3) | 14.0 (2.5) | 15.0 (1.8) | Group: 14.9** |
| 9–16 | 10–14 | 9–18 | 9–18 | 9–18 | 11–18 | IQ: 26.8** | |
| Gender (males/females) | 39/26 | 6/7 | 66/45 | 49/66 | 15/5 | 27/23 | Group: 6.1* |
| WASI IQ | 88.2 (4.3) | 90.4 (4.4) | 107.3 (4.5) | 108.6 (4.4) | 126.4 (4.1) | 126.0 (4.0) | IQ: 850.9** |
| PANSS | 16.1 (5.1) | – | 14.9 (5.5)b | – | 15.4 (5.9)e | – | ns |
| Positive symptoms scale | |||||||
| PANSS | 16.9 (6.3) | – | 15.8 (6.5)c | – | 16.2 (6.7)e | – | ns |
| Negative symptoms scale | |||||||
| IDS-C | 18.7 (12.3)a | – | 15.1 (10.8)d | – | 16.0 (10.1)f | – | ns |
| GAF-symptoms | 38.3 (9.9) | – | 41.4 (10.4) | – | 43.8 (10.8) | – | ns |
| Age of psychosis onset | 23.8 (10.1) | – | 23.1 (7.5) | – | 23.9 (5.8) | – | ns |
| n = 63 | n = 108 | ||||||
| Illness duration | 8.3 (8.3) | – | 7.0 (6.2) | – | 7.0 (6.2) | – | ns |
| n = 63 | n = 108 | ||||||
| Average defined daily dose antipsychotics | 1.42 (1.71) | – | 1.36 (0.82) | – | 1.32 (1.27) | – | ns |
| n = 56 (86%) | n = 103 (93%) | n = 15 (75%) | |||||
| Level of care (inpatient/outpatient) | 21/44 (32/68%) | – | 25/86 (23/77%) | – | 3/17 (15/85%) | – | ns |
GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; IDS-C, Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician rated.
an = 49, bn = 109, cn = 110, dn = 92, en = 19, fn = 15,
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.