“9+0” |
Motile |
Generation of nodal flow |
Situs inversus; Situs ambiguous; Situs isomerism |
[12,13,14] |
|
Non-motile |
Sensation of nodal flow |
Situs inversus; Situs ambiguous; Situs isomerism |
[14,15] |
|
|
Mechanosensor |
Polycystic Kidney, Liver, and Pancreas Diseases |
[5,16,17] |
|
|
Shear stress sensor |
Hypertension; Atherosclerosis; Aneurysm formation |
[6,7,18,19] |
|
|
Osmolarity sensor |
Respiratory diseases; Infertility |
[20,21] |
|
|
Gravitational sensor |
Osteoporosis; Chondroporosis |
[22,23,24] |
|
|
Olfaction sensor |
Anosmia; Hyposmia |
[25,26] |
|
|
Light sensor |
Retinitis pigmentosa; Blindness |
[27,28,29] |
|
|
Chemosensor |
Nephrocystin; Diabetes; Obesity |
[30,31,32] |
|
|
Neurotransmitter sensor |
Impaired brain plasticity |
[33] |
|
|
Developmental regulator |
Developmental defects; Cancer |
[34,35,36] |
|
|
Pressure sensor |
Bone maintenance, development |
[22,37,38] |
“9+2” |
Motile |
Chemosensor |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
[39] |
|
|
Airway remodeling |
Bronchiectasis; Hyperreactive airways |
[40] |
|
|
Fluid Clearance |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
[41,42,43] |
|
Non-motile |
Oocyte Transport |
Infertility |
[44,45] |
|
|
Sperm Motility |
Infertility |
[46,47,48] |
|
|
Fluid Transport |
Hydrocephalus; Cell Migration |
[49,50,51] |