Table 3.

BPA effects on the uterus in animal experiments

Study	Sample	Dose	Route of administration	Time of exposure	Results
Mendoza-Rodriguez et al. [48]	Female rat offspring	1.2 mg/kg BW/day	BPA diluted in drinking water	GD 6- D 21 of lactation	BPA offspring: irregular estrous cycles; significant increase in the thickness of uterine epithelium and stroma; modifications in apoptotic patterns of uterine epithelium and ERα downregulation
Newbold et al. [49]	Mice	0.1 (BPA 0.1), 1 (BPA 1), 10 (BPA10), 100 (BPA 100), 1000 (BPA 1000) μg/kg/day	Subcutaneous injections	GD 9-16	Adenomatous hyperplasia in BPA1 and BPA100 not in controls; atypical hyperplasia in BPA 0.1, BPA 1, BPA 1000 not in controls; endometrial polyps in BPA 0.1, BPA 1, BPA 10; stromal sarcoma in one BPA 100 mouse
Varayoud et al. [53]	Female rats	0.05 (BPA 0.5), 20 (BPA 20) mg/kg day	Subcutaneous injections	PND 1,3,5,7	Pregnancies were not established in 10% of BPA 0.5 and in 23% of BPA 20, whereas in the controls the pregnancy rate was 100%; decreased number of implantation sites in BPA20; lower ERα and PR expression; lower expression of Hoxa10
Bromer et al. [54]	Female mouse offspring	5 mg/kg	Intraperitoneal injections	GD 9-16	Hoxa10 increased expression; decreased DNA methylation in the promoter and in intron regions of Hoxa10 with consequent increase in binding of ER-α to Hoxa10 ERE
Xiao et al. [55]	Pregnant mice	0, 0.025, 0.5, 10, 40, 100 mg/kg/day	Subcutaneous injections	GD 0.5-3.5	No implantation sites in BPA 100 treated group; smaller implantation sites, increased gestation period, reduced postnatal survival rate in 40 BPA treated group; alterations in PR expression.