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. 2014 May 14;4:4879. doi: 10.1038/srep04879

Figure 3. Avatar DNA systems approach with NBIC convergence during proof-of-concept workflow on drug integrity and supply-chain security.

Figure 3

(A) Encoding generates the AVASTIN DNA-AIDC hybrid icons: the QR code, ColorZip code, and their corresponding DNA molecules are prepared to carry the information of AVASTIN drug, Text: AVASTIN DNA, Binary: 01000001 01010110 01000001 01010011 01010100 01001001 01001110 00100000 01000100 01001110 01000001, Base-3: 02022 22102 02022 12210 20112 02101 10220 02212 21001 10220 02022, DNA: CACAT GCTAT ATATG ATGAC ACTCA CAGTC TATGT ATGAT GACGA GTGCG TGTGC, Batch Number: 20130101, Expiration Date: JAN 2013. (B) Encrypting prints the DNA-AIDC hybrid tags: the fluorescence- and sequence-encoded DNA molecules with a size of 100 nm are encapsulated inside spherical nanocavity with a wall thickness of 10 nm reassembled with metal hydroxides nanosheets to form a DNA@Nano core-shell structure. Thus stabilized biological DNA is ink-jet printed safely from severe chemical resistant so that the dually coded DNA-AIDC hybrid tags are transmitted to a receiver. (C) Decrypting reads the fluorescent DNA-AIDC hybrid tags: after scanning the DNA-AIDC tags under fluorescence illumination, and then the resulting fluorescent DNA-AIDC images are recognized by smartphone camera with application software to read the pre-encoded information of AVASTIN drug (Inset face image was authorized by Yong-Gun Shul at Yonsei University, Republic of Korea). (D) Decoding identifies the DNA-AIDC hybrid icons: following hybridization experiment for detecting DNA within 1 second time at a concentration of 100 picomole, the resulting Avatar DNA icons on chip are fluorescently imaged by scanner, and then On/Off identified by smartphone readout.