Table 5.

Health professionals, theories and cultural adaptation of interventions

ID	Study	Administered by	Theories	Cultural adaptation
1	Boden-Albala 2010 [44]	• Two health educators	• Social cognitive theory	• Bilingual materials with translation by community health worker
		• 1 physician or nurse	• Motivational interviewing	• Visuals integrating community places
				• Film footage of community stroke survivors recalling stroke experiences in their own language
				• Integration and instructions for current community resources
				• Conversations about barriers such as mistrust of the health care system
				• A community committee evaluated cultural appropriateness of the intervention
				• Involvement of local stroke support group
2	Chan 2008 [45]	• African American actors instructed by Stroke Association	• None	• Video produced by the American Heart Association, with African-American actors
3	Covington 2010 [46]	• Trained college students acting as health champions	• Social cognitive theory	• Generic mention that the presentations were "culturally sensitive".
			• Stages of change
4	Dromerick 2011 [47]	• Lay community health workers	• Theory of reasoned action	• Usage of American Heart Association’s tailored educational materials
			• theory of planned behaviour	• Provision of tailored health education
			• motivational interviewing
5	Duraski 2006 [49]; Duraski 2003 [48]	• Research nurse	• None	• Presentation developed for the Hispanic culture
				• Emphasis on risk factors affecting the Hispanic community
				• Information was not literally translated to Spanish".
				• Verbal/written educational materials in Spanish about stroke warning signs/symptoms
				• Focus groups with communities to ensure appropriateness of presentation
6	Duraski 2007 [50]	• Research nurse	• None	• Option to have focus groups in Spanish or English
				• Culturally sensitive information, not simply translated from English to Spanish
7	Frank 2008 [51]	Nurse researchers	• None	• No
		• Nursing students
8	Kalenderian 2009 [53]	Trained ambassadors	• None	• No
9	Kleindorfer 2008 [54]	•	• None	• No
10	Miller 2003 [55]	• Neuroscience nurses	• Stages of change	• No
			• Motivational interviewing
11	Morgenstern 2007 [56]; Gonzales 2007 [52]; Mullen Conley 2010 [59]	• Educator	• Social cognitive theory	• Culturally sensitive strategy developed through a focus group with parents, students and teachers."
		• Stroke neurologist
		• Data manager		• Aspects of Mexican-American culture included inclusion of Mexican American health professionals in design
		• Science/health teachers
		• KIDS project health professionals		• Focus groups with local students, parents and teachers;.bilingual materials
12	Villablanca 2009 [57]	• Site leaders	• Stages of change	• Culturally appropriate health education curriculum and materials
		• Cardiologists
		• Endocrinologists
		• Nurses
		• Dietitians
		• Physical exercise and other health professionals"
13	Williams 2008 [58]	• Two stroke education professionals	• None	• Rap and hip-hop
		• 2 community health professionals
14	Williams 2012 [59]	• Children administered the intervention	• Theory of reasoned action	• Rap and hip-hop (songs and dance)
			• Social cognitive theory (self-efficacy)
15	Williamson 2009 [60]	• Nurses	• None	• No
		• Nursing students