Table 2.
Prenatal Assaults and Birth Outcomes
| Birth Weight (Grams) |
Fetal Death (x100) |
Infant Death (x100) |
Any Death (x100) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No controls | Full Controls | No Controls | Full Controls | No Controls | Full Controls | No Controls | Full Controls | |||
| Prenatal assault | −283.019 [15.64] |
−191.277 [10.67] |
−188.463 [10.69] |
−187.286 [10.63] |
1.311 [3.81] |
1.278 [3.73] |
0.402 [2.01] |
0.252 [1.26] |
1.713 [4.32] |
1.53 [3.87] |
| MediCal | −45.427 [75.67] |
−18.76 [29.21] |
−17.322 [26.82] |
0.012 [1.38] |
0.032 [5.69] |
0.044 [4.18] |
||||
| Black | −229.06 [59.93] |
−168.061 [42.52] |
−163.987 [41.47] |
0.521 [11.55] |
0.07 [2.04] |
0.591 [10.45] |
||||
| Hispanic | −31.125 [47.59] |
−2.652 [2.86] |
−0.643 [0.69] |
−0.027 [2.31] |
−0.086 [10.49] |
−0.113 [7.93] |
||||
| White | 41.528 [11.48] |
40.877 [11.65] |
43.383 [12.35] |
0.132 [3.54] |
−0.06 [2.08] |
0.072 [1.53] |
||||
| Single | −21.15 [29.85] |
−22.666 [30.56] |
−1.176 [123.78] |
0.071 [10.61] |
−1.105 [95.34] |
|||||
| Over 35 years old | −16.528 [14.14] |
−16.255 [13.91] |
0.453 [25.54] |
0.022 [2.56] |
0.475 [24.19] |
|||||
| Teen mother | −98.111 [123.01] |
−98.061 [122.84] |
0.158 [14.80] |
0.05 [6.51] |
0.208 [15.84] |
|||||
| < HS | −14.875 [15.57] |
−15.147 [15.85] |
0.087 [6.82] |
0.075 [9.42] |
0.162 [10.78] |
|||||
| HS | −12.199 [14.92] |
−12.236 [14.96] |
0.082 [7.55] |
0.031 [4.88] |
0.113 [9.00] |
|||||
| Male | 106.181 [194.59] |
106.155 [194.62] |
0.018 [2.48] |
0.061 [13.50] |
0.079 [9.29] |
|||||
| Twin birth | −994.164 [459.30] |
−994.031 [459.30] |
1.298 [30.17] |
0.404 [16.11] |
1.701 [34.34] |
|||||
| Father black | 18.419 [6.87] |
20.522 [7.65] |
0.378 [10.62] |
0.05 [1.95] |
0.427 [9.79] |
|||||
| Father white | 70.038 [32.04] |
71.479 [32.69] |
−0.035 [1.25] |
−0.046 [2.31] |
−0.081 [2.37] |
|||||
| Father Hispanic | 36.707 [16.66] |
39.251 [17.80] |
0.024 [0.85] |
−0.057 [2.82] |
−0.032 [0.94] |
|||||
| Father <HS | −26.803 [20.81] |
−28.032 [21.73] |
0.316 [18.44] |
0.076 [7.93] |
0.392 [19.99] |
|||||
| Father HS | −28.4 [24.41] |
−29.322 [25.18] |
0.227 [14.90] |
0.072 [8.65] |
0.299 [17.25] |
|||||
| Father some college | −8.618 [7.19] |
−9.368 [7.81] |
0.099 [6.41] |
0.022 [2.70] |
0.121 [6.94] |
|||||
| Father information missing | −78.674 [50.00] |
−79.917 [50.70] |
0.416 [20.08] |
0.168 [12.55] |
0.584 [23.73] |
|||||
| County unemployment rate | 117.238 [9.88] |
121.5 [3.23] |
0.552 [1.09] |
−0.169 [0.58] |
0.383 [0.65] |
|||||
| County per capita income (real) | 29.476 [26.40] |
1.94 [0.61] |
0.062 [1.52] |
0.026 [1.05] |
0.088 [1.85] |
|||||
| Domestic violence shelters per 100,000 adult women | −0.407 [1.30] |
−0.622 [0.98] |
−0.014 [1.75] |
0.004 [0.68] |
−0.01 [1.00] |
|||||
| Number of clinincs per 1000 women | 0.33 [3.18] |
0.229 [3.54] |
−0.001 [2.25] |
0 [0.30] |
−0.001 [1.84] |
|||||
| Observations | 4486227 | 4486227 | 4486227 | 4486227 | 4486752 | 4486752 | 4486752 | 4486752 | 4486752 | 4486752 |
| R-squared | 0 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Robust t statistics in brackets | ||||||||||
| FE for 5 largest counties | N | N | Y | N | N | N | ||||
| Quadratic trend in year of birth | N | N | Y | N | N | N | ||||
| FE for all 58 counties | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y |
| FE for year of birth | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y |