Table 2.
The Effects of Institutional and Resource Factors on the Provision of Hospice Care for Children (N = 1036)
| Step 1 (Control Model) |
Step 2 (Main Effect Model) |
Step 3 (Moderation Model) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (SE) | AME | OR(SE) | AME | OR(SE) | AME | |
| Control Variables | ||||||
| Organizational Factors | ||||||
| Service Area | ||||||
| Urban service area | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Rural service area | 0.71 (0.21) | −0.07 | 0.53 (0.20) | −0.11 | 0.50 (0.20) | −0.12 |
| Mixed service area | 1.16 (0.28) | 0.03 | 1.02 (0.26) | 0.01 | 1.02 (0.27) | 0.01 |
| Agency Type | ||||||
| Freestanding | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Hospital-based | 0.52 (0.14) | −0.13a | 0.63 (0.17) | −0.08 | 0.61 (0.18) | −0.08 |
| Home health-based | 0.71 (0.19) | −0.07 | 0.81 (0.24) | −0.04 | 0.78 (0.23) | −0.04 |
| Long-term care-based | 0.51 (0.18) | −0.13 | 0.33 (0.21) | −0.19 | 0.24 (0.19) | −0.24 |
| Ownership | ||||||
| For profit | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Government | 1.05 (0.44) | 0.01 | 1.23 (0.53) | 0.04 | 1.09 (0.46) | 0.02 |
| Nonprofit | 1. 96 (0.54) | 0.13 a | 1.81 (0.52) | 0.10 a | 1.91 (0.60) | 0.11 a |
| Organizational Age | 1.80 (0.26) | 0.12 b | 1.42 (0.21) | 0.06 a | 1.28 (0.20) | 0.04 |
| Market Factors | ||||||
| Per capita income | 0.99 (0.02) | −0.01 | 0.98 (0.02) | −0.01 | 0.98 (0.02) | −0.01 |
| Unemployment | 1.08 (0.07) | 0.01 | 1.05 (0.07) | 0.01 | 1.05 (0.07) | 0.01 |
| Child mortality | 0.93 (0.11) | −0.01 | 0.96 (0.09) | −0.01 | 0.95 (0.10) | −0.01 |
| Year 2003 | 0.61 (0.11) | −0.10 c | 0.58 (0.12) | −0.10 c | 0.58 (0.12) | −0.09 c |
| Year 2004 | 0.50 (0.10) | −0.14 b | 0.45 (0.10) | −0.14b | 0.44 (0.11) | −0.14 b |
| Year 2005 | 0.61 (0.12) | −0.10 a | 0.55 (0.11) | −0.11 c | 0.56 (0.13) | −0.10 a |
| Year 2006 | 0.56 (0.13) | −0.12a | 0.52 (0.13) | −0.12 c | 0.53 (0.14) | −0.11 a |
| Year 2007 | 0.54 (0.12) | −0.12 c | 0.52 (0.13) | −0.12 c | 0.53 (0.13) | −0.11 a |
| Independent Variables | ||||||
| Institutional Factors | ||||||
| Accreditation | 0.85 (0.15) | −0.03 | 0.22 (0.16) | −0.04 a | ||
| Professional membership | 2.63 (0.72) | 0.19 b | 1.03 (1.20) | 0.18 | ||
| Pediatric hospital presence | 0.89 (0.27) | −0.02 | 2.28 (3.50) | −0.04 | ||
| Resource Factors | ||||||
| No donation/grant income | 0.80 (0.14) | −0.04 | 0.78 (0.26) | −0.04 | ||
| Organization size | ||||||
| Large | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| Small | 0.27 (0.09) | −0.22 b | 0.10 (0.06) | −0.22 b | ||
| Medium | 0.53 (0.14) | −0.11 a | 0.33 (0.15) | −0.12 a | ||
| Competition | 0.28 (0.16) | −0.23 a | 0.23 (0.22) | −0.25 | ||
| Interactions | ||||||
| No other income × accreditation | 1.08 (0.33) | |||||
| No other income × membership | 0.76 (0.28) | |||||
| No other income × pediatric hospital | 1.07 (0.35) | |||||
| Small size × accreditation | 6.76 (3.50) b | |||||
| Medium size × accreditation | 1.29 (0.52) | |||||
| Small size × membership | 2.20 (2.30) | |||||
| Medium size × membership | 2.83 (1.50) a | |||||
| Small size × pediatric hospital | 0.59 (0.38) | |||||
| Medium size × organization leader | 1.05 (0.48) | |||||
| Competition × accreditation | 2.96 (2.40) | |||||
| Competition × membership | 1.67 (2.20) | |||||
| Competition × pediatric hospital | 0.24 (0.43) | |||||
OR = odds ratio; SE = standard error; AME = average marginal effect.
a
P<0.05.
b
P<0.001.
c
P<0.01.