Table 1.
Patient demographics and clinical characteristics (n = 45).
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Age (years), median (range) | 66 (32–84) |
| KPS, median (range) | 90 (70–100) |
| Sex, n (%) | |
| Male | 31 (69) |
| Female | 14 (31) |
| Previous chemotherapy, number of agents (%) | |
| 2 | 30 (67) |
| 3 | 13 (29) |
| 4 | 2 (4) |
| Primary site of disease, n (%) | |
| Bladder | 32 (71) |
| Ureter | 2 (4) |
| Renal pelvis | 11 (24) |
| Visceral metastases | 36 (80) |
| Lung | 23 (51) |
| Liver | 19 (42) |
| Bone | 6 (13) |
| Node-only disease | 9 (20) |
| Risk group, n* | |
| 0 | 14 |
| 1 | 18 |
| 2 | 10 |
| 3 | 3 |
KPS, Karnofsky performance status.
*
Adverse risk factors include Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status >0, haemoglobin level <10 g/dL and the presence of liver metastasis, which can be categorized into four risk groups (zero, one, two or three prognostic factors present) [18].