Table 1.
Participant Demographics and Sleep and Napping-Related Characteristics for Overall Sample and by Nap Groups
| Overall Sample | Day/evening nappers | Daytime-only nappers | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (M ± SD) | 72.95 (6.93) | 73.33 (7.33) | 72.86 (6.76) |
| Education (years, M ± SD) | 16.16 (3.05) | 16.31 (2.96) | 15.73 (2.86) |
| Gender (% Female) | 64.00 | 61.70 | 72.70 |
| Marital Status (%) | |||
| Single | 6.00 | 5.70 | 11.80 |
| Married | 71.10 | 69.80 | 70.60 |
| Widowed | 14.50 | 18.9 | 5.90 |
| Divorced | 8.40 | 5.70 | 11.80 |
| Ethnicity (%) | |||
| Caucasian | 97.00 | 98.30 | 90.90 |
| African American | 2.00 | 0 | 9.10 |
| Other | 1.00 | 1.70 | 0 |
| Medications1 (M ± SD) | 2.92 (2.19) | 3.133 (2.21) | 2.59 (1.98) |
| Conditions2 (M ± SD) | 2.03 (1.60) | 2.28 (1.77) | 1.32 (1.13) |
| Sleep Classification (%) | |||
| Good Sleepers | 59.00 | 65.00 | 45.40 |
| Poor Sleepers | 41.00 | 35.00 | 54.60 |
| Bedtime (M ± SD) | 22:22 (79 mins) | 22:17 (81 mins) | 22:58 (42 mins) |
| Wake time (M ± SD) | 6:48 (49 mins) | 6:45 (48 mins) | 7:25 (50 mins) |
| Napping Behavior (M ± SD) | |||
| Nap frequency-days nappedo3 | 6.16 (2.87) | 7.13a (2.68) | 3.67a (2.06) |
| Nap frequency-days nappeds3 | 4.26 (3.31) | 3.88 (3.23) | 5.32 (3.75) |
| Nap frequency-# of napso4 | 1.72 (0.65) | 1.20b (0.83) | 0.43b (0.30) |
| Nap duration-overallo5 | 13.15 (2.82) | 13.52c (3.35) | 12.57c (1.89) |
| Nap duration-overalls5 | 18.11 (21.91) | 18.93 (25.76) | 19.82 (15.25) |
| Nap duration-per napo6 | 8.52 (2.97) | 7.88 (2.81) | 10.19 (3.29) |
| Time of dayo7 | 14:52 (142 mins) | 16:48d (100 mins) | 15:21d (187 mins) |
Note. The subscript ‘o’ denotes objectively (actigraphically) measured variables while the subscript ‘s’ denotes variables measured subjectively (sleep diaries).
Total number of medications participants listed.
Total number of medical conditions from the following list: heart problems, cancer, hypertension, neurological disorder, breathing disorder, urinary problems, diabetes, pain, gastrointestinal disorders, mental health disorder, and other.
Nap frequency-days napped refers to the average number of days out of the 12 assessment days when the participant napped;
Nap frequency-# of naps refers to the average number of naps that occurred on a given day;
Nap duration-overall refers to the average total time in minutes spent napping on the days the participants napped;
Nap duration-per nap refers to the average time in minutes spend napping during each nap;
Time of day of naps is calculated as a serial number equivalent to the 24hr clock (0=12am, 0.5=12noon, and 1.0=12 midnight)
Means with different subscripts differ significantly at p < .001.
Means with different subscripts differ significantly at p < .01.