Adoptive transfer of PSA-treated PDCs protects mice in a TNBS colitis model. (A) Protection was seen with oral PSA treatment (100 μg/dose). (B) Colitis scores of WT mice after treatment with CD11c+ BMDCs show protection following adoptive transfer of the higher of two doses of PSA-pretreated, CD11c microbead–selected BMDCs (6–6.5 × 105/dose, 2 doses; PSA-DC hi) but not the lower dose (1–1.5 × 105/dose, 2 doses; PSA-DC lo) when results were compared to those with the respective PBS-pretreated BMDCs. (C) Protection was seen with adoptively transferred lower-dose PSA-pretreated PDCs when results were compared to those with PBS-pretreated PDCs. (D) No protection was seen with low-dose PSA-pretreated CDCs when results were compared to those with PBS-pretreated CDCs. (E) PSA-pretreated CD4+ T cells (5 × 105/dose, 2 doses) did not protect mice when results were compared to those with PBS-pretreated CD4+ T-cell controls. (F) After adoptive transfer to IL-10−/− mice, low-dose PDCs from WT mice pretreated with PSA or PBS failed to confer significant protection. (G) Pretreatment of PDCs with a control polysaccharide (type II polysaccharide from group B Streptococcus) failed to protect mice from TNBS-induced colitis after adoptive transfer. Each dot represents one mouse. Scores were assessed for statistical significance by two-tailed nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ns, not significant. See also Figure S3.