Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2014 Mar 19;4(1):150–201. doi: 10.3390/brainsci4010150

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Hypothetical scheme illustrating cellular consequences of sleep deprivation. Prolonged wakefulness leads to the activation of cellular stress events: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress are activated. Myelination is downregulated. Protein synthesis (in addition to mTORC1 activity) is diminished (both globally and at synapses). Despite these changes, net synaptic upscaling occurs without proper pruning. There is also a possible relationship between the increased number of synapses and decreased neuroligin following sleep deprivation. In addition, accumulation of sleep regulatory substances in the post-synaptic terminal may lead to an increased drive for sleep.