Table 1.
Cross-sectional analysis: age- and sex-adjusted baseline characteristics of the subjects according to categories of peripheral blood leukocyte counts (n = 46,179)1.
| Categories of peripheral blood leukocyte counts (range: ×1,000 cells/mm3) | P for trend2 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subnormal (1.1–3.9) |
Level 2 (4.0–4.9) |
Level 3 (5.0–5.9) |
Level 4 (6.0–6.9) |
Level 5 (7.0–7.9) |
Level 6 (8.0–8.9) |
Level 7 (9.0–9.9) |
Above-normal (10.0–25.6) |
||
| (n = 3556) | (n = 10915) | (n = 13883) | (n = 9867) | (n = 4789) | (n = 1932) | (n = 742) | (n = 495) | ||
| Age (y) | 46.0 (45.6, 46.4)3 | 45.3 (45.1, 45.5) | 45.0 (44.8, 45.2) | 44.8 (44.5, 45) | 44.6 (44.2, 44.9) | 45 (44.4, 45.6) | 46.1 (45.2, 47) | 44.3 (43.2, 45.4) | <0.0001 |
| Sex (male, %) | 37.2 | 49.4 | 60.4 | 66.8 | 70.6 | 77.0 | 79.8 | 78.4 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 (23.4, 23.7) | 24.2 (24.2, 24.3) | 24.9 (24.8, 24.9) | 25.4 (25.4, 25.5) | 25.8 (25.7, 25.9) | 26 (25.8, 26.1) | 25.9 (25.7, 26.2) | 25.9 (25.6, 26.2) | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80.3 (80.0, 80.6) | 81.9 (81.8, 82.1) | 83.6 (83.5, 83.8) | 85.0 (84.8, 85.1) | 86.3 (86, 86.5) | 86.5 (86.1, 86.9) | 86.9 (86.3, 87.5) | 86.7 (85.9, 87.4) | <0.0001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.99 (4.96, 5.02) | 5.09 (5.07, 5.11) | 5.15 (5.13, 5.16) | 5.2 (5.18, 5.22) | 5.23 (5.2, 5.26) | 5.22 (5.18, 5.27) | 5.28 (5.21, 5.35) | 5.29 (5.2, 5.37) | <0.0001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.22 (1.17, 1.27) | 1.38 (1.35, 1.4) | 1.56 (1.53, 1.58) | 1.69 (1.66, 1.72) | 1.89 (1.85, 1.92) | 1.91 (1.85, 1.97) | 2.05 (1.95, 2.14) | 2.03 (1.9, 2.15) | <0.0001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.97 (2.94, 3) | 3.04 (3.02, 3.05) | 3.07 (3.06, 3.09) | 3.11 (3.09, 3.12) | 3.12 (3.09, 3.14) | 3.11 (3.07, 3.14) | 3.13 (3.07, 3.19) | 3.13 (3.06, 3.2) | <0.0001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.52 (1.51, 1.53) | 1.47 (1.47, 1.48) | 1.43 (1.42, 1.43) | 1.4 (1.4, 1.41) | 1.38 (1.37, 1.39) | 1.36 (1.35, 1.38) | 1.37 (1.34, 1.39) | 1.36 (1.33, 1.39) | <0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 118.8 (118.2, 119.3) |
120.3 (120, 120.6) |
122.1 (121.8, 122.3) |
122.7 (122.4, 123.1) |
123.8 (123.4, 124.3) |
124.5 (123.8, 125.2) |
124.8 (123.7, 126) |
124.2 (122.8, 125.6) |
<0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.4 (75.1, 75.8) | 76.6 (76.4, 76.8) | 77.5 (77.3, 77.7) | 78.1 (77.9, 78.3) | 78.7 (78.4, 79) | 79 (78.6, 79.5) | 79.1 (78.4, 79.9) | 78.1 (77.1, 79) | <0.0001 |
| FBS (mmol/L) | 4.94 (4.9, 4.98) | 4.98 (4.95, 5) | 5.04 (5.02, 5.06) | 5.07 (5.05, 5.09) | 5.11 (5.08, 5.15) | 5.14 (5.09, 5.2) | 5.13 (5.05, 5.22) | 5.07 (4.97, 5.17) | <0.0001 |
| Serum UA (μmol/L) | 290.5 (288.2, 292.8) |
299.8 (298.5, 301.2) |
310.1 (308.9, 311.2) |
315.4 (314, 316.8) |
320.5 (318.5, 322.5) |
317.8 (314.6, 321) |
321.4 (316.4, 326.5) |
318.6 (312.4, 324.8) |
<0.0001 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 2.61 (2.59, 2.63) | 2.67 (2.66, 2.67) | 2.68 (2.68, 2.69) | 2.73 (2.72, 2.74) | 2.75 (2.73, 2.76) | 2.79 (2.77, 2.82) | 2.85 (2.81, 2.89) | 2.81 (2.76, 2.86) | <0.0001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 46.2 (46.1, 46.3) | 46.2 (46.1, 46.2) | 46.2 (46.1, 46.2) | 46.1 (46, 46.1) | 46 (45.9, 46.1) | 45.8 (45.7, 46) | 45.7 (45.4, 46) | 45.8 (45.5, 46.1) | 0.86 |
| Smoking status (%) | |||||||||
| Smoker | 12.7 | 18.2 | 26.4 | 35.2 | 44.6 | 54.2 | 62.7 | 64.9 | <0.0001 |
| Ex-smoker | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.52 |
| Drinker (%) | 25.5 | 33.6 | 39.3 | 42.8 | 44.6 | 48.1 | 50.3 | 50.5 | 0.02 |
| Family history of diseases (%) | |||||||||
| CVD | 25.5 | 25.8 | 25.7 | 24.7 | 25.6 | 25.8 | 24.5 | 24.9 | 0.37 |
| Hypertension | 39.7 | 40.8 | 42.4 | 41.9 | 41.5 | 44.7 | 41.9 | 42.0 | <0.01 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.67 | 0.54 | 0.60 | 0.72 | 0.58 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.00 | 0.38 |
| Diabetes | 14.5 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 16.7 | 17.6 | 19.2 | 21.0 | 19.8 | <0.0001 |
1BMI: body mass index; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FBS: fasting blood sugar; UA: uric acid; CVD: cardiovascular disease.
2Analysis of covariance or logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex where appropriate.
3Adjusted least squares mean (95% confidence interval) (all such values).