Table 3. Metabolic syndrome and relative risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

References	Year	Definition	Population	n	F/U (years)	Adjusted RR or HR (95% CI)
Sattar et al.48	2003	Modified NCEP	West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (male adults)	5,974	4.9	7.26 (2.25–23.4) in 3 components 24.4 (7.53–79.6) in 4 components 7.65 (5.99–9.31) in IFG components
Wilson et al.33	2005	NCEP	Framingham Offspring study (middle‐aged adults)	3,323	8.0	11.0 (8.1–14.9) in metabolic syndrome including IFG 5.0 (3.7–6.8) in metabolic syndrome excluding IFG
Wang et al.72	2007	WHO EGIR AACE IDF Modified NCEP	Beijing Project (part of the National Diabetes Survey Population)	541	5.0	2.39 (1.51–3.77) 1.88 (1.08–3.27) 2.97 (1.85–4.76) 2.05 (1.27–3.30) 2.33 (1.47–3.70) 2.61 (1.61–4.24) in IFG component
Cheung et al.40	2007	Modified NCEP IDF	Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study cohort	1,679	6.4	4.1 (2.8–6.0) 3.5 (2.3–5.2) 5.1 (3.0–8.7) in IFG components
Cameron et al.37	2007	WHO EGIR NCEP IDF	A longitudinal survey in Mauritius	3,685	5.0	4.6 (3.5–6.0) 3.2 (2.3–4.3) 3.1 (2.3–4.0) 3.0 (2.2–4.2) 3.3 (2.6–4.3) in IFG component
Cameron et al.42	2008	WHO EGIR IDF NCEP	Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study (adults, age ≥25 years)	5,842	5.0	7.8 (5.5–11.0) 7.4 (5.2–10.4) 5.5 (3.9–7.6) 6.4 (4.6–9.0) 3.05 in IFG component
Ley et al.36	2009	NCEP IDF	Sandy Lake Health and Diabetes Project	492	10	2.03 (1.10–3.75) 2.14 (1.29–3.55) 2.30 (1.40–3.77) per 1 mmol/L increment of FPG
Salminen et al.51	2012	IDF	Populations of Lieto in Finland (age ≥64 years)	1,117	9	3.15 (1.89–5.25) 5.16 (2.68–9.93) in IFG component

CI, confidence interval; EGIR, European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance; F/U, follow‐up period; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HR, hazard ratio; IDF, International Diabetes Federation; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Program; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; RR, relative risks; WHO, World Health Organization.