Table 1. Clinical characteristics by presence or absence of retinopathy in 1,744 participants without previously diagnosed diabetes.
| Retinopathy absent | Retinopathy present | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1,670 | 74 | – |
| Men (%) | 72.2 | 62.2 | 0.044 |
| Age (years) | 51 ± 8 | 53 ± 7 | 0.016 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.4 ± 3.0 | 23.8 ± 2.7 | 0.319 |
| Current smokers (%) | 50.7 | 50.0 | 0.499 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 126 ± 17 | 131 ± 17 | 0.006 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 77 ± 12 | 81 ± 13 | 0.011 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.8 | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.36 ± 0.88 | 5.42 ± 0.89 | 0.579 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.24 ± 0.73 | 1.28 ± 0.71 | 0.680 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.46 ± 0.39 | 1.47 ± 0.38 | 0.738 |
| Fasting immunoreactive insulin (IU/mL) | 6.9 ± 4.1 | 7.1 ± 4.1 | 0.785 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 326 ± 83 | 318 ± 76 | 0.414 |
| White blood cell count (/μL) | 5,470 ± 1,560 | 5,410 ± 1,520 | 0.747 |
The χ2‐test was used to compare proportions and Student's t‐test was used to compare means between two groups. Data are means (standard deviations) or proportions. HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein.