Table 3. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for incidence of diabetes according to groups categorized by intake of soybean products.
| Group 1 0 –1 time/week | Group 2 2 –3 times/week | Group 3 ≥4 times/week | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men with low BMI, n (<23.6 kg/m2) | 71 | 304 | 487 | |
| Incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus | ||||
| Case | 2 | 23 | 28 | |
| Incidence rate/1000 person‐years | 8.3 | 21.8 | 16.9 | |
| HRs (95% CIs) | ||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 2.55 (0.60–10.81) | 1.79 (0.43–7.52) | 0.816 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 2.49 (0.58–10.67) | 1.84 (0.42–8.02) | 0.952 |
| Incidence of fasting hyperglycemia | ||||
| Case | 1 | 3 | 8 | |
| Incidence rate/1000 person‐years | 4.1 | 2.8 | 4.7 | |
| HRs (95% CIs) | ||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.07–6.48) | 1.01 (0.13–8.09) | 0.721 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.74 (0.08–7.29) | 1.17 (0.13–10.52) | 0.656 |
| Incidence of postload hyperglycemia | ||||
| Case | 2 | 20 | 22 | |
| Incidence rate/1000 person‐years | 8.3 | 18.9 | 13.0 | |
| HRs (95% CIs) | ||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 2.21 (0.52–9.44) | 1.39 (0.33–5.93) | 0.543 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 2.17 (0.50–9.39) | 1.48 (0.33–6.54) | 0.729 |
| Men with high BMI, n (≥23.6 kg/m2) | 62 | 317 | 497 | |
| Incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus | ||||
| Case | 11 | 38 | 44 | |
| Incidence rate/1000 person‐years | 53.9 | 35.2 | 25.5 | |
| HRs (95% CIs) | ||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.66 (0.34–1.29) | 0.45 (0.23–0.88) | 0.011 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.33–1.29) | 0.44 (0.22–0.89) | 0.014 |
| Incidence of fasting hyperglycemia | ||||
| Case | 6 | 14 | 18 | |
| Incidence rate/1000 person‐years | 28.6 | 12.6 | 10.3 | |
| HRs (95% CIs) | ||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.44 (0.17–1.15) | 0.35 (0.14–0.89) | 0.060 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.46 (0.17–1.21) | 0.36 (0.15–0.96) | 0.075 |
| Incidence of postload hyperglycemia | ||||
| Case | 8 | 24 | 29 | |
| Incidence rate/1000 person‐years | 38.3 | 21.8 | 16.6 | |
| HRs (95% CIs) | ||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.57 (0.26–1.28) | 0.41 (0.19–0.90) | 0.030 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.57 (0.25–1.28) | 0.40 (0.18–0.92) | 0.032 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; PG, plasma glucose.
Model 1 adjusted by age. Model 2 adjusted by age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, family history of diabetes, green vegetable intake and fruit intake.