Table 3. Odds ratios of variables for the presence of plaque.
| Variable | Unadjusted | Age‐ and sex‐adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P‐value | OR (95% CI) | P‐value | |
| Age (per 1 year) | 1.07 (1.04–1.09) | <0.0001 | ||
| Sex (male)* | 1.07 (0.61–1.88) | 0.81 | ||
| Duration of type 2 diabetes (per 1 year) | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 0.0050 | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.51 |
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | 0.93 (0.88–0.99) | 0.015 | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.49 |
| Smoking habit (current or past)† | 1.54 (0.89–2.66) | 0.13 | 1.80 (0.97–3.37) | 0.062 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (per 1 mmol/L) | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) | 0.48 | 1.06 (0.96–1.17) | 0.24 |
| HbA1c (per 1%) | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | 0.41 | 1.17 (1.01–1.37) | 0.036 |
| GA (per 1%) | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | 0.020 | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 0.017 |
| GA/HbA1c (per 1) | 2.57 (1.36–5.05) | 0.0032 | 1.74 (0.87–3.60) | 0.12 |
| Total cholesterol (per 1 mmol/L) | 0.93 (0.72–1.19) | 0.55 | 1.00 (0.76–1.32) | 0.98 |
| HDL‐cholesterol (per 1 mmol/L) | 0.95 (0.45–2.05) | 0.89 | 0.42 (0.17–1.01) | 0.052 |
| Non HDL‐cholesterol (per 1 mmol/L) | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 0.58 | 1.09 (0.82–1.44) | 0.56 |
| LDL‐cholesterol (per 1 mmol/L)‡ | 1.01 (0.75–1.38) | 0.93 | 1.08 (0.78–1.52) | 0.63 |
| Triacylglycerols (per 1 mmol/L) | 0.87 (0.65–1.15) | 0.31 | 1.15 (0.85–1.59) | 0.37 |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GA, glycated albumin; GA/HbA1c, glycated albumin‐to‐glycated hemoglobin ratio; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; OR, odds ratio. *Female as reference. †Never as reference. ‡Three participants were excluded from the statistical analysis of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol (see the footnote to Table 1).