Table 2. Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of study participants according to insulin quartiles.
| Characteristics | Q1 (n = 2,269) | Q2 (n = 2,527) | Q3 (n = 2,412) | Q4 (n = 2,417) | P | P for trends |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin, μIU/mL (median) | <3.6 (2.49) | 3.6 –5.3 (4.39) | 5.3 –7.6 (6.30) | >7.6 (11.1) | <0.05 | |
| Age (years) | 50.1 ± 9.2 | 50.5 ± 9.1 | 50.1 ± 9.6 | 50.7 ± 9.9 | NS | NS |
| Sex, male (%) | 56.8 | 60.4 | 62.8 | 65.5 | <0.05 | |
| Familial history of CRC (%) | 4.9 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.3 | NS | |
| Current smoking (%) | 26.9 | 24.8 | 24.9 | 28 | <0.05 | |
| Alcohol (%) | 39.7 | 43 | 44.7 | 42.4 | <0.05 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.4 ± 2.4 | 23.5 ± 2.5 | 24.4 ± 2.7 | 25.8 ± 3.0 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 78.2 ± 7.6 | 81.7 ± 8.0 | 84.0 ± 8.1 | 87.8 ± 8.5 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| Male | 81.3 ± 6.7 | 85.2 ± 6.5 | 87.4 ± 6.4 | 90.8 ± 7.0 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| Female | 74 ± 6.9 | 76.3 ± 7.2 | 78.1 ± 7.4 | 82.1 ± 8.3 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 187.9 ± 32.9 | 193.1 ± 33.7 | 194.6 ± 32.9 | 198.2 ± 34.6 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 88 ± 48.3 | 108.2 ± 61.7 | 129.8 ± 72.7 | 156.7 ± 99.5 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 61.4 ± 14.4 | 57.9 ± 14.0 | 54.8 ± 13.6 | 51.8 ± 14.0 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 119.0 ± 29.0 | 125.0 ± 29.6 | 126.8 ± 29.6 | 129.7 ± 29.9 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 91.4 ± 12.0 | 96.1 ± 12.1 | 99.0 ± 13.2 | 103.5 ± 15.7 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| HOMA‐IR | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
BMI, body mass index; CRC, colorectal cancer; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; NS, not significant; Q, quartile.