TABLE 1.
Clinical and Body Composition/Metabolic Characteristics of the Cohort
| HIV Negative | HIV-Infected Subjects
|
P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ART-Naive | ZDV/d4T Nonlipoatrophic | ZDV/d4T Lipoatrophic | ABC/TDF | |||
| Sample size | 17 | 13 | 11 | 14 | 14 | — |
| Current antiretrovirals regimen | — | — | 10 ZDV, 1 combined ZDV + d4T | 13 ZDV, 1 d4T | 1 ABC, 11 TDF, 1 combined ABC + TDF | — |
| Age, yrs | 43.2 (39.8, 50.8) | 43.7 (33.7, 48.1) | 47.7 (42.2, 62.8) | 57.1 (48.4, 59.7) | 45.0 (31.1, 51.3) | 0.05 |
| Male, n (%) | 16 (94.1) | 13 (100) | 10 (90.9) | 14 (100) | 13 (92.9) | 0.82 |
| Duration ART (yrs) | — | 0 | 7 (5, 10) | 9 (4, 13) | 1.9 (1, 3) | <0.01 |
| CD4 (cells/mm3) | — | 414.0 (319.0, 488.0) | 410.5 (329.0, 634.0) | 510.5 (379.0, 737.0) | 450.5 (362.0, 660.0) | 0.55 |
| % HIV RNA <50 copies/mL | — | 0 | 80.0 | 92.9 | 78.6 | 0.62* |
| Nadir CD4 (cells/mm3)† | — | 386.0 (318.0, 400.0) | 21.0 (16.0, 199.0) | 105.0 (65.0, 200.0) | 201.0 (80.0, 216.0) | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 (22.8, 28.0) | 26.1 (24.7, 27.5) | 26.7 (21.9, 28.2) | 25.5 (23.6, 26.8) | 24.6 (21.4, 26.0) | 0.39 |
| DXA extremity fat (kg) | 7.2 (5.3, 9.7) | 7.6 (5.3, 10.2) | 5.9 (3.0, 8.6) | 4.4 (2.2, 7.7) | 5.7 (4.1, 7.4) | 0.10 |
| DXA trunk fat (kg) | 10.7 (7.0, 16.1) | 9.8 (8.3, 14.3) | 14.6 (8.0, 15.9) | 10.1 (8.3, 16.7) | 9.6 (7.0, 14.5) | 0.68 |
| DXA lean Mass (kg) | 5.3 (46.2, 56.5) | 53.7 (50.8, 61.7) | 50.3 (47.6, 61.3) | 55.1 (52.1, 65.3) | 54.3 (48.7, 56.4) | 0.47 |
| Extremity fat/trunk fat | 0.67 (0.58, 0.81) | 0.70 (0.61, 0.89) | 0.5 (0.37, 0.68) | 0.40 (0.28, 0.47) | 0.65 (0.52, 0.79) | <0.01 |
| Lactic acid (mEq/L) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | <0.01 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183.0 (162.0, 208.0) | 152.0 (141.0, 174.0) | 199.0 (159.0, 245.0) | 166.0 (150.0, 197.0) | 160.0 (135.0, 210.0) | 0.04 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46.0 (39.0, 58.0) | 36.0 (29.0, 41.0) | 44.0 (35.0, 52.0) | 37.5 (31.0, 57.0) | 41.0 (31.0, 52.0) | 0.07 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 120.0 (94.0, 134.0) | 104.0 (86.0, 123.0) | 116.5 (93.0, 164.0) | 107.5 (58.0, 119.0) | 92.0 (77.0, 114.0) | 0.22 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 88.0 (63.0, 123.0) | 104.0 (72.0, 136.0) | 117.0 (102.0, 215.0) | 131.5 (78.0, 218.0) | 143.0 (100.0, 163.0) | 0.24 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 89.0 (83.0, 93.0) | 84.0 (81.0, 89.0) | 93.0 (90.0, 99.0) | 92.0 (84.0, 99.0) | 87.5 (80.0, 92.0) | 0.20 |
| Fasting insulin (uU/mL) | 5.2 (3.1, 7.3) | 5.3 (3.8, 16.0) | 6.3 (4.1, 10.0) | 11.2 (6.7, 18.8) | 4.9 (4.7, 10.0) | 0.02 |
| HOMA-IR2‡ | 0.7 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.7 (0.5, 2.0) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.4) | 0.6 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.01 |
All values reported are median (Q1, Q3) except for % plasma HIV RNA <50 copies per milliliter and gender. Kruskal–Wallis test or Fisher exact test were used as appropriate.
*
Fisher exact test restricted to patients on antiretroviral therapy.
†
By self-report, data reported on 7 nonlipoatrophic, 7 lipoatrophic, and 10 ABC/TDF subjects.
‡
HOMA-IR2 calculated using HOMA Calculator version 2.2 (Diabetes Trials Unit University of Oxford. The Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism. Available at: http://www.dtu.ox.ac.uk/homacalculator/index.php).
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.