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Immunohistochemical assessments of the protein level of IL-1β. Positive staining of IL-1β increased in the cartilage endplate at all time points after the surgery. Ligustrazine treatment completely blocked the increase of IL-1β at the endplate. Arrows indicate the positive staining cells; outer, the outer layer of endplate; inner, the inner layer of endplate. Bar equals 100 μm.
