Table 1.
Selected immunotherapies for prostate cancer
| Agent | Mechanism/Target | Furthest clinical development |
|---|---|---|
| Immunotherapy | ||
| Sipuleucel-T | Autologous PAP-loaded dendritic cell-based immunotherapy | Phase III trials completed, BLA filed |
| ProstVac VF | PSA-encoding poxviral vaccine | Randomized phase II trials completed; phase III planned |
| pTVG-HP | PAP-encoding DNA vaccine | Phase I/II trial completed |
| GVAX | Allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting tumor cell-based immunotherapy | Phase III trials terminated |
| Checkpoint inhibitors | ||
| Ipilimumab | Fully human anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody | Phase II trials completed; randomized phase III trial underway |
| MDX-1106 | Fully human anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody | Phase I trial completed; phase Ib trial underway |
BLA biological licensing application; CTLA-4 cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4; GM-CSF granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor; PAP prostatic acid phosphatase; PD-1 programmed death-1; PSA prostate-specific antigen