mTOR activity in young and aged HSCs. Fresh BM cells were isolated from either 2-month (young) or 26-month (old) old wildtype mice and stained with antibodies specific for surface markers to identify the Flk2− lin− Sca-1+c-kit+ CD150+CD48− CD34− (FLSKCD150/48/34) HSC or the HSC-enriched lin− Sca-1+c-kit+ (LSK) cells, followed by intracellular staining with antibodies against p-mTOR (A), p-S6K (B), p-S6 (C) and p-AKT (D). The left panels show the histograms of HSC that are representative of 5 independent experiments each involving one mouse per group. Gray lines are negative controls (secondary antibodies only for a, b and d, isotype control for c), with filled grey depicting cells from old mice, while dotted lines depicting cells from young mice; green lines depict profiles of stained BM cells from young mice and red lines depict those of BM cells from old mice. The maximum depicts the point with highest cell count. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) ± SD of all experiments are shown in the right panels. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01. n.s., not significant.