Table 2.

Metabolic and phenotypic parameters at baseline and end of study.

	Placebo			Cr Non-responders			Cr-Responders
Parameter	Baseline	End	P 1	Baseline	End	P 1	Baseline	End	P 1	P 2	P 3
Glucose/Insulin
Fasting Glucose (mmol/L)	7.5±0.3	7.6±0.2	ns	6.7±0.5	7.1±0.3	ns	8.5±0.5	7.4±0.3	0.010	0.002	0.003
GHb (%)	6.85±0.25	6.98±0.21	ns	6.29±0.18	6.48±0.17	ns	7.57±0.43	6.85±0.25	0.035	0.024	0.025
Glucose AUC	1172±35	1162±31	ns	1096±36	1126±42	ns	1310±66	1196±46	0.015	0.033	0.010
Insulin Sensitivitya	5.22±0.29	5.11±0.26	ns	5.91±0.36	5.39±0.42	ns	3.98±0.43	5.17±0.51	0.001	0.001	0.001
Body Fat
Weight (kg)	91.3±1.8	92.4±1.8	ns	88.0±2.9	89.0±3.0	ns	89.6±3.1	90.0±3.0	ns	ns	ns
Body Fat (%)	32.4±1.1	32.8±1.1	ns	33.0±1.4	33.3±1.3	ns	33.3±1.4	32.7±1.3	ns	ns	ns
FFM (kg)	61.2±1.5	61.8 ±1.5	ns	58.0±1.7	57.6±1.8	ns	61.0±2.5	62.5±2.7	0.02	ns	ns
Visceral Fat	5.70±0.33	5.60±0.33	ns	5.66±0.42	5.80±0.48	ns	5.80±0.55	5.82±0.53	ns	ns	ns
SubQ Fat	9.97±0.63	10.24±0.64	ns	9.35±0.73	9.15±0.71	ns	10.36±0.87	11.17±0.72	ns	ns	ns
Myocellular Lipids
Soleus EMCL (ASU)	0.014±0.002	0.019±0.003	0.055	0.013±0.003	0.016±0.004	ns	0.023±0.008	0.013±0.001	ns	0.011	ns
Soleus IMCL(ASU)	0.008±0.001	0.009±0.001	ns	0.007±0.002	0.007±0.001	ns	0.010±0.003	0.006±0.001	ns	0.033	ns
Tibialis EMCL(ASU)	0.016±0.002	0.029±0.005	0.008	0.027±0.009	0.040±0.010	ns	0.037±0.018	0.018±0.004	ns	0.017	0.026
Tibialis IMCL(ASU)	0.007±0.001	0.007±0.001	ns	0.005±0.002	0.007±0.002	ns	0.010±0.004	0.006±0.001	ns	ns	0.053
Liver Parameters
IHL (ASU)	0.11±0.02	0.16±0.03	ns	0.10±0.04	0.13±0.05	ns	0.20±0.08	0.12±0.05	0.039	0.055	0.035
HGP (mmol/dl/min)	2.37±0.12	2.17 ± 0.09	ns	2.32±0.11	2.21 ±0.11	ns	2.48±0.10	2.31 ±0.08	ns	ns	ns
Metabolic Chamber
Energy Bal (Kcal/d)	−132±46	−116±44	ns	8±42	−76 ±63	ns	−163±75	−191±70	ns	ns	ns
24 hour EE (Kcal/d)	2324±72	2311 ±63	ns	2043±85	2122±104	ns	2203±152	2184±153	ns	ns	ns
Sleep EE (Kcal/d)	1903±54	1915±55	ns	1699±72	1757±78	ns	1821±129	1800±121	ns	ns	ns
NENS EE (Kcal/d)	1850±60	1837±52	ns	1617±72	1703±91	ns	1747±123	1747±127	ns	ns	ns
Activity %	15.5±1.6	16.3±1.7	ns	13.9±1.9	14.2±1.7	ns	17.5±2.6	15.6±2.3	ns	ns	ns
Fuel Utilization
Fasting RQ	0.83±0.01	0.82±0.01	ns	0.83±0.01	0.82±0.01	ns	0.83±0.01	0.80±0.01	ns	ns	ns
Clamp RQ	0.86±0.01	0.86±0.01	ns	0.87±0.01	0.87±0.01	ns	0.85±0.01	0.84±0.02	ns	ns	ns
24 hr RQ	0.87±0.01	0.88±0.01	ns	0.86+0.01	0.88±0.01	ns	0.88±0.01	0.89±0.01	ns	ns	ns
Cho Ox	288.4±15.4	308.2±18.6	ns	255.6±21.5	290.6±23.8	ns	290.0±21.3	299.7±25.7	ns	ns	ns

P ¹ is t-test p-value of change in parameters versus null. P ² is t-test p-value of CrPic “Responders” vs placebo. P ³ is t-test p-value of CrPic “Responders” vs CrPic “Nonresponders”. ASU, arbitrary scanning units; Bal, balance; IHL, intrahepatic lipid content; HGP, Hepatic Glucose Production; NENS, Non-exercise, non-sleep energy expenditure

^aInsulin Sensitivity Units = mg/FFMkg/Min