Table 4.
Hazard Ratios for Association of Mild Cognitive Impairment by COPD Duration
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| COPD duration ≤ 5 years | COPD duration > 5 years | COPD duration ≤ 5 years | COPD duration > 5 years | COPD duration ≤ 5 years | COPD duration > 5 years | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| MCI Type | Incident MCI/At risk, N | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | Incident MCI/At risk, N | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | Incident MCI/At risk, N | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) |
| Any MCI | 370/1,425 | 1.22 (0.79, 1.88) | 1.49 (1.04, 2.14) | 356/1,375 | 1.26 (0.82, 1.95) | 1.57 (1.09, 2.26) | 318/1,250 | 1.11 (0.70, 1.74) | 1.58 (1.04, 2.40) |
| Amnestic MCI | 230/1,425 | 1.23 (0.72, 2.10) | 0.58 (0.29, 1.15) | 222/1,375 | 1.26 (0.74, 2.15) | 0.56 (0.27, 1.15) | 203/1,250 | 1.23 (0.71, 2.13) | 0.67 (0.32, 1.42) |
| Non- Amnestic MCI | 97/1,425 | 1.21 (0.51, 2.90) | 2.63 (1.51, 4.58) | 92/1,375 | 1.30 (0.54, 3.13) | 2.97 (1.70, 5.18) | 83/1,250 | 1.14 (0.46, 2.79) | 2.58 (1.32, 5.06) |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.
No-COPD is the reference group [HR 1.00] for all the analyses. Numbers in bold denotes significant association.
a
Model 1 adjusted for education as a continuous variable, sex where applicable, and age at baseline as time variable.
b
Model 2 additionally adjusted for BDI-II Depression, and history of stroke.
c
Model 3 includes model 2 variables, with additional adjustment for APOEe4 genotype, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, z-scores and BMI.