Table 4.
Associations between increasing age (5-year intervals) and female sex and the respiratory symptoms wheeze, asthma and rhinitis at baseline (odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals) in total baseline population, population at 10-yrs follow-up and population at 20-yrs follow-up, and differences between these groups given as ratios of odds ratios (with bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals) in population at 10-yrs follow-up over total baseline population, and in population at 20-yrs follow-up over total baseline populationa
| Baseline population OR (95%CI) | 10-yrs follow-up population OR (95%CI) | Ratio of ORs (95%CI) b | 20-yrs follow-up population OR (95%CI) | Ratio of ORs (95%CI) b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wheeze |
Age |
RHINE |
1.00 (0.98, 1.02) |
1.01 (0.98, 1.03) |
1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
0.98 (0.95, 1.02) |
0.98 (0.96, 1.01) |
| |
|
Italian ECRHS |
1.10 (1.03, 1.17) |
1.10 (1.02, 1.19) |
1.00 (0.96, 1.05) |
1.15 (1.01, 1.31) |
1.05 (0.93, 1.18) |
| |
|
ISAYA |
0.97 (0.91, 1.03) |
0.96 (0.88, 1.05) |
0.99 (0.94, 1.07) |
- |
- |
| |
Sex |
RHINE |
0.95 (0.90, 1.02) |
0.99 (0.92, 1.07) |
1.04 (1.00, 1.08) |
0.96 (0.87, 1.05) |
1.01 (0.94, 1.07) |
| |
|
Italian ECRHS |
0.76 (0.64, 0.90) |
0.74 (0.60, 0.91) |
0.97 (0.86, 1.10) |
0.63 (0.44, 0.91) |
0.83 (0.60, 1.15) |
| |
|
ISAYA |
0.81 (0.69, 0.96) |
0.79 (0.62, 1.01) |
0.98 (0.82, 1.16) |
- |
- |
| Asthma |
Age |
RHINE |
0.98 (0.93, 1.02) |
0.98 (0.93, 1.03) |
1.00 (0.97, 1.03) |
0.96 (0.90, 1.02) |
0.98 (0.94, 1.03) |
| |
|
Italian ECRHS |
0.99 (0.90, 1.08) |
0.94 (0.84, 1.05) |
0.95 (0.89, 1.01) |
0.88 (0.71, 1.08) |
0.89 (0.73, 1.06) |
| |
|
ISAYA |
0.92 (0.83, 1.02) |
0.95 (0.83, 1.09) |
1.03 (0.93, 1.15) |
- |
- |
| |
Sex |
RHINE |
1.16 (1.02, 1.32) |
1.21 (1.05, 1.40) |
1.04 (0.97, 1.13) |
1.13 (0.95, 1.35) |
0.97 (0.87, 1.11) |
| |
|
Italian ECRHS |
0.84 (0.66, 1.08) |
0.82 (0.60, 1.12) |
0.98 (0.80, 1.18) |
0.60 (0.34, 1.06) |
0.71 (0.41, 1.18) |
| |
|
ISAYA |
1.08 (0.82, 1.41) |
0.94 (0.64, 1.38) |
0.87 (0.67, 1.16) |
- |
- |
| Rhinitis |
Age |
RHINE |
0.97 (0.95, 0.99) |
0.97 (0.95, 1.00) |
1.00 (0.99, 1.02) |
0.97 (0.94, 1.00) |
1.00 (0.98, 1.02) |
| |
|
Italian ECRHS |
0.94 (0.89, 0.99) |
0.93 (0.88, 0.99) |
0.99 (0.96, 1.03) |
0.91 (0.83, 1.01) |
0.97 (0.89, 1.07) |
| |
|
ISAYA |
0.93 (0.88, 0.98) |
0.91 (0.84, 0.98) |
0.98 (0.93, 1.03) |
- |
- |
| |
Sex |
RHINE |
0.99 (0.92, 1.05) |
1.01 (0.93, 1.09) |
1.02 (0.98, 1.06) |
1.01 (0.92, 1.11) |
1.02 (0.96, 1.09) |
| |
|
Italian ECRHS |
0.93 (0.81, 1.07) |
0.89 (0.75, 1.06) |
0.96 (0.86, 1.06) |
0.73 (0.55, 0.97) |
0.78 (0.61, 1.01) |
| ISAYA | 0.85 (0.74, 0.99) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.97) | 0.93 (0.81, 1.06) | - | - |
aTotal baseline population: participants in 1989–92 in RHINE, 1991–93 in Italian ECRHS, 1998–2000 in ISAYA. 10-yrs follow up population: participants in 1999-2000 in RHINE and 1998–2000 in Italian ECRHS, 2008–09 in ISAYA. 20-yrs follow-up population: participants in 2010-12 in RHINE, 2008–09 in Italian ECRHS. bCorrected for inter-dependency between long-term participants and total baseline participants, by using a non-parametric bootstrap method. Significant associations between risk factors and respiratory symptoms are marked in bold font, as well as significant differences between long-term participants and all baseline participants.