Table 5.
Construct validity in the non-student sample
| Severity | Personal responsibility | Awkwardness | Avoidance | Policy opposition | Financial discrimination | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
3.23 |
2.03 |
2.84 |
1.86 |
2.14 |
2.50 |
| Female |
3.45 |
1.78 |
2.78 |
1.52 |
1.83 |
2.34 |
| t-test (p-value) |
-1.77 (.077) |
1.89 (.059) |
0.47 (.643) |
2.98 (.003) |
2.59 (.010) |
0.98 (.327) |
| Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 16-34 years |
3.42 |
2.17 |
3.18 |
1.83 |
2.30 |
2.65 |
| 35-54 years |
3.42 |
1.61 |
2.61 |
1.69 |
1.86 |
2.36 |
| 55+ years |
3.13 |
1.66 |
2.29 |
1.44 |
1.51 |
2.06 |
| Anova (p-value) |
2.03 (.133) |
8.45 (<.001) |
17.18 (<.001) |
4.16 (.017) |
17.08 (<.001) |
4.91 (.008) |
| Education* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| School level - low |
3.55 |
1.72 |
2.68 |
1.56 |
1.67 |
2.42 |
| School level - high |
3.32 |
1.92 |
2.78 |
1.65 |
2.00 |
2.32 |
| University level |
3.17 |
2.07 |
3.01 |
1.82 |
2.33 |
2.55 |
| Anova (p-value) |
2.61 (.076) |
2.06 (.131) |
1.60 (.204) |
1.74 (.179) |
8.72 (<.001) |
0.63 (.532) |
| Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| White |
3.29 |
1.78 |
2.74 |
1.63 |
1.87 |
2.32 |
| Other |
3.57 |
2.44 |
3.06 |
1.96 |
2.45 |
2.87 |
| t-test (p-value) |
-1.79 (.075) |
-3.40 (.001) |
-1.81 (.071) |
-2.34 (.020) |
-3.79 (<.001) |
-2.74 (.007) |
| Close friend or family member has had cancer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
3.53 |
1.93 |
3.12 |
1.85 |
2.14 |
2.66 |
| Yes |
3.28 |
1.90 |
2.70 |
1.64 |
1.93 |
2.34 |
| t-test (p-value) |
1.80 (.073) |
0.18 (.858) |
2.65 (.009) |
1.64 (.103) |
1.48 (.140) |
1.69 (.093) |
| Social desirability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Low score (0–5) |
3.43 |
2.01 |
3.19 |
1.90 |
2.19 |
2.70 |
| High score (6–10) |
3.28 |
1.82 |
2.51 |
1.53 |
1.82 |
2.20 |
| t-test (p-value) | 1.17 (.242) | 1.45 (.149) | 5.11 (<.001) | 3.21 (.002) | 3.01 (.003) | 3.12 (.002) |
*Low school level = GCSEs as their highest qualification, High school level = A-levels or a qualification below degree.