Table 3.

Results of musical rituals models [standardized regression weights β incl. 95% confidence intervals (95% CI); Wald χ² test (df = 3) assessing cross-cultural difference in regression weights; Indirect effects: unstandardized point estimate incl. 95% confidence interval based on 1000 bootstrap iterations, 95% bCI].

Tested model	Path	Statistics	Overall	Philippines	New Zealand	Kenya	Germany	Diff.
MULTIPLE OUTCOME MODEL
	FAM 1	β	0.43***	0.24**	0.38***	0.37**	0.40***	2.47
		95% CI	0.34/0.51	0.08/0.40	0.24/0.51	0.1/0.64	0.24/0.57
	FAM2	β	0.06	0.27*	−0.03	0.13	−0.04	4.81
		95% CI	−0.05/0.18	0.04/0.50	−0.25/0.19	−0.17/0.44	−0.22/0.15
	PEER 1	β	0.28***	0.03	0.40***	0.28†	0.31**	5.47
		95% CI	0.16/0.39	−0.22/0.27	0.17/0.63	−0.03/0.58	0.12/0.49
	PEER 2	β	0.17***	0.23***	0.35***	0.39***	0.35***	2.19
		95% CI	0.08/0.26	0.08/0.38	0.18/0.52	0.2/0.58	0.18/0.51
PATH SEQUENCE MODEL
	FAM 1	β	0.42***	0.25**	0.38**	0.55**	0.41**	1.72
		95% CI	0.33/0.5	0.09/0.41	0.24/0.51	0.33/0.78	0.25/0.57
	FAM 2	β	0.20***	0.16†	−0.13	0.62***	−0.09	9.44*
		95% CI	0.1/0.3	−0.02/0.35	−0.55/0.3	0.31/0.93	−0.32/0.14
	PEER 1	β	0.15**	0.23**	0.41***	0.37**	0.38***	5.43
		95% CI	0.05/0.25	0.08/0.38	0.23/0.58	0.18/0.57	0.21/0.54
	PEER 2	β	0.06	0.00	0.43†	−0.19	0.25†	6.54†
		95% CI	−0.04/0.16	−0.18/0.17	−0.02/0.88	−0.50/0.13	−0.02/0.52
INDIRECT EFFECTS MODEL
	DIRECT	β	0.01	0.25*	−0.07	−0.02	−0.07	4.41
		95% CI	−0.12/0.14	0.02/0.49	−0.36/0.22	−0.39/0.34	−0.29/0.16
	INDIRECT	point est.	0.020*	0.018	0.044	0.185*	0.034	–
		95% bCI	0.004/0.040	−0.053/0.095	−0.157/0.282	0.003/6.614	−0.152/0.227
	DIRECT	β	0.27***	0.03	0.38*	0.38*	0.29*	4.42
		95% CI	0.15/0.39	−0.22/0.28	0.08/0.68	0.04/0.71	0.07/0.51
	INDIRECT	point est.	0.002	−0.078	0.024	−0.119	0.020	–
		95% bCI	−0.006/0.012	−0.007/0.043	−0.203/0.302	−5.269/0.017	−0.103/0.236

^†p < 0.10,

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001.