Table 6.

Results of subset analyses of both affects.

Moderator	Level	k	Estimate	[95% CI]	p	p for diff
Task	Abstract (Ref)	1	0.729	[0.373, 1.084]	<0.0001
	Stand	1	0.662	[0.348, 0.975]	<0.0001	0.782
	Stick	14	0.368	[0.268, 0.468]	<0.0001	0.056
Instruction	Explicit	9	0.415	[0.267, 0.562]	<0.0001
	Explicit-converted	7	0.443	[0.271, 0.614]	<0.0001	0.809
Stimulus type	Faces (Ref)	2	0.210	[−0.067, 0.487]	0.1376
	Pictures	3	0.423	[0.176, 0.670]	0.0008	0.260
	Words	11	0.474	[0.342, 0.606]	<0.0001	0.091
Design	Independent	2	0.749	[0.219, 1.280]	0.0056
	Repeated	14	0.411	[0.302, 0.520]	<0.0001	0.221
Valence	Explicit	15	0.431	[0.308, 0.555]	<0.0001
	Implicit	2	0.406	[0.130, 0.682]	0.0039	0.872

Note. Ref, reference level that was deemed most informative for the comparison; k, number of studies; [95% CI], 95% confidence interval; p, p-value for each level; p for diff, p-value for difference between respective level and reference level. Task: Stand, vertical button stand; Joystick, joystick/lever; Abstract, abstract manikin task. Stimulus type: Words, emotional words; Pictures, emotional pictures; Faces, emotional facial expressions. Design: Repeated, repeated measures design; Independent, independent groups design. Valence: Explicit, explicitly valenced stimuli; Implicit, implicitly valenced stimuli.