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. 2014 May 8;8:290. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00290

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Copyright © 2014 Lemos, Souza, Horsczaruk, Nogueira-Campos, de Oliveira, Vargas and Rodrigues.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic illustration of the experimental procedure. From top to bottom: (A) depiction of the movements executed and imagined; (B) full-wave rectified EMG from the evaluated muscles [MD (light gray line) and AD (dark gray line) corresponds to the middle and anterior portion of the deltoid muscle, respectively, while LG (black line) refers to the lateral gastrocnemius]; (C) COG phase-plane plot in the forward-backward (upper row) and lateral (lower row) directions. EMG and COG data are from an execution trial of a representative subject (#03). For illustrative purposes, data are shown for a short (20 s) epoch. COG dynamics changed in the forward-backward direction during execution of rising on tiptoes and forward reaching tasks and in the lateral direction during the lateral reaching task. The LG and deltoid muscles were highly activated during the rising on tiptoes and both reaching tasks, respectively.