Table 1.
Quality and characteristics of all included studies
| Ref. | Yr | Jadad score | Design | Sample size | Gender (male/female) | Age (yr, mean or range ) | Dosage | Frequency | Duration (d) | Outcomes |
| Chen et al[10] | 2006 | 1 | NRCT | 70 | 40/30 | 36.6 | 200000 | bid | 2-7 | Oxygenation index |
| Gu et al[11] | 2011 | 1 | NRCT | 120 | 65/55 | 56.2 | 100000 | tid | 5 | Oxygenation index |
| Hu et al[12] | 2009 | 1 | NRCT | 54 | 39/15 | 41.2 | 300000 | tid | 7 | Oxygenation index Length of ICU stay 28-d mortality rate |
| Huang et al[13] | 2010 | 1 | NRCT | 80 | 41/39 | 49 | 100000 | tid | 5 | Oxygenation index Length of ICU stay ICU Mortality rate |
| Jiang et al[14] | 2006 | 1 | NRCT | 57 | 32/25 | 58.1 | 200000 | qd | 7-10 | Oxygenation index ICU Mortality rate |
| Liang et al[15] | 2011 | 1 | NRCT | 62 | 36/26 | 38.8 | 200000 | bid | 7 | Oxygenation index Length of ICU stay |
| Liang et al[16] | 2008 | 1 | NRCT | 76 | 42/34 | 57 | 200000 | bid | 6 | Oxygenation index ICU Mortality rate |
| Lu et al[17] | 2008 | 1 | NRCT | 60 | 42/18 | 39.7 | 50000 | qd | 3 | Oxygenation index |
| Ou et al[18] | 2008 | 1 | NRCT | 36 | 24/12 | 63.7 | 200000-300000 | bid | 5-7 | Oxygenation index ICU Mortality rate Incidence of MODS |
| Pi et al[19] | 2009 | 1 | NRCT | 40 | 25/15 | 37 | 200000- | bid | 5-7 | Incidence of MODS ICU Mortality rate |
| Qian et al[20] | 2009 | 1 | NRCT | 48 | 35/13 | 48 | 200000 | qid | 6 | Oxygenation index ICU Mortality rate Length of ICU stay |
| Qin[21] | 2007 | 1 | NRCT | 60 | 40/20 | 35 | 300000 | bid | 3 | Oxygenation index |
| Shang et al[22] | 2008 | 2 | RCT | 60 | 48/12 | 14-72 | 200000 | tid | 7 | Oxygenation index ICU Mortality rate |
| Shi et al[23] | 2011 | 1 | NRCT | 50 | 34/16 | 59.4 | 300000 | bid | 7-10 | Oxygenation index ICU Mortality rate |
| Wang et al[24] | 2011 | 1 | NRCT | 52 | 32/20 | 55.4 | 200000 | tid | 10 | ICU Mortality rate |
| Wang et al[25] | 2011 | 1 | NRCT | 60 | 44/16 | 18-60 | 200000 | bid | 5 | Oxygenation index |
| Xiang et al[26] | 2011 | 1 | NRCT | 72 | 46/26 | 46.8 | 200000 | tid | 7 | Oxygenation index |
| Xiong[27] | 2008 | 1 | NRCT | 50 | 28/22 | 35 | 300000 | bid | 7 | Oxygenation index |
| Yang et al[28] | 2011 | 1 | NRCT | 40 | NA | NA | 200000 | tid | 10 | Oxygenation index |
| Yang et al[29] | 2006 | 2 | NRCT | 80 | 58/22 | 14-72 | 300000 | bid | 7 | Oxygenation index ICU Mortality rate |
| Zhang et al[30] | 2009 | 1 | NRCT | 34 | 22/12 | 9-61 | 200000 | tid | 10 | Oxygenation index ICU Mortality rate |
| Zhang et al[31] | 2011 | 1 | NRCT | 82 | 43/39 | 18-65 | 200000 | bid | 7 | Oxygenation index 28-d mortality rate |
| Zhang[32] | 2010 | 2 | RCT | 60 | 45/15 | 43.3 | 300000 | bid | 7 | Oxygenation index |
| Zhang et al[33] | 2010 | 1 | RCT | 60 | 30/30 | 55.7 | 500000 | bid | 7 | Oxygenation index Length of ICU stay 28-d mortality rate |
| Zhang et al[34] | 2009 | 1 | NRCT | 61 | 54/7 | 61.9 | 200000 | bid | 7 | Oxygenation index |
| Zhao et al[35] | 2012 | 2 | RCT | 56 | 37/19 | 46.2 | 200000 | bid | 4 | Oxygenation index |
| Zhao et al[36] | 2007 | 1 | NRCT | 37 | 29/8 | 42.6 | 100000 | bid | 5 | Oxygenation index ICU Mortality rate |
| Zheng et al[37] | 2011 | 1 | NRCT | 60 | 42/18 | 40.2 | 50000 | qd | 3 | Oxygenation index ICU mortality rate Length of ICU stay |
| Zhou et al[38] | 2011 | 1 | NRCT | 40 | NA | 40.2 | 600000 | qid | 5 | Oxygenation index ICU Mortality rate |
NA: Not available; NRCT: Non-randomized controlled trial; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; ICU: Intensive care unit.