Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population, by BMI assessment type and by BMI category
| |
Measured BMI |
Self-reported BMI |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Body mass index category (kg/m
2
) |
Body mass index category (kg/m
2
) |
||||||||
| <18.5 | 18.5- <25 | 25- <30 | ≥30 | Missings (n) | <18.5 | 18.5- <25 | 25- <30 | ≥30 | Missings (n) | |
| Participants (n) |
348 |
8647 |
5951 |
1805 |
|
597 |
9274 |
4050 |
906 |
|
| Participants (in % of total n, by BMI assessment type) |
2.1 |
51.6 |
35.5 |
10.8 |
|
4.0 |
62.5 |
27.3 |
6.1 |
|
| Women (%) |
87.9 |
59.7 |
38.0 |
47.3 |
|
91.1 |
58.8 |
35.7 |
47.7 |
|
| Mean BMI (kg/m2) |
17.7 |
22.3 |
27.1 |
32.8 |
|
17.6 |
22.1 |
26.9 |
33.0 |
|
| Mean follow-up time (years) |
23.3 |
22.3 |
20.2 |
18.8 |
|
16.9 |
17.1 |
16.7 |
15.9 |
|
| Mean age (years) |
41.0 |
43.4 |
48.8 |
52.1 |
|
40.4 |
44.1 |
49.9 |
52.1 |
|
| Mortality |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| All-cause |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deaths§ (n) |
57 |
1526 |
1516 |
615 |
|
73 |
1173 |
851 |
243 |
|
| Person-years (py) |
8096 |
192739 |
120456 |
33840 |
|
10055 |
158996 |
67575 |
14468 |
|
| Age-standardized rate (per 100000 py) |
909 |
800 |
915 |
1117 |
|
1059 |
799 |
924 |
1090 |
|
| Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deaths (n) |
16 |
468 |
529 |
251 |
|
18 |
407 |
307 |
96 |
|
| Deaths (in % of all-cause deaths) |
28.1 |
30.7 |
34.9 |
40.8 |
|
24.7 |
34.7 |
36.1 |
39.5 |
|
| Age-standardized rate (per 100000 py) |
282 |
269 |
321 |
464 |
|
342 |
294 |
332 |
437 |
|
| Cancer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deaths (n) |
17 |
567 |
542 |
205 |
|
27 |
427 |
293 |
73 |
|
| Deaths (in % of all-cause deaths) |
29.8 |
37.2 |
35.8 |
33.3 |
|
37.0 |
36.4 |
34.4 |
30.0 |
|
| Age-standardized rate (per 100000 py) |
230 |
263 |
299 |
359 |
|
386 |
264 |
301 |
321 |
|
| Respiratory diseases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deaths (n) |
3 |
91 |
77 |
28 |
|
2 |
69 |
49 |
20 |
|
| Deaths (in % of all-cause deaths) |
5.3 |
6.0 |
5.1 |
4.6 |
|
2.7 |
5.9 |
5.8 |
8.2 |
|
| Age-standardized rate (per 100000 py) |
54 |
51 |
48 |
52 |
|
29 |
50 |
50 |
90 |
|
| External causes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deaths (n) |
10 |
121 |
92 |
30 |
|
10 |
68 |
39 |
6 |
|
| Deaths (in % of all-cause deaths) |
17.5 |
7.9 |
6.1 |
4.9 |
|
13.7 |
5.8 |
4.6 |
2.5 |
|
| Age-standardized rate (per 100000 py) |
174 |
63 |
75 |
58 |
|
109 |
48 |
49 |
34 |
|
| Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deaths (n) |
11 |
265 |
265 |
98 |
|
16 |
198 |
157 |
48 |
|
| Deaths (in % of all-cause deaths) |
19.3 |
17.4 |
17.5 |
15.9 |
|
21.9 |
16.9 |
18.5 |
19.8 |
|
| Age-standardized rate (per 100000 py) |
169 |
148 |
166 |
177 |
|
192 |
140 |
185 |
209 |
|
| Covariates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Smoking status° |
|
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
|
19 |
| Never smokers (%) |
54.5 |
47.7 |
45.1 |
51.7 |
|
46.1 |
46.6 |
40.7 |
44.5 |
|
| Former smokers (%) |
9.5 |
14.5 |
20.6 |
21.2 |
|
13.1 |
19.4 |
25.8 |
27.1 |
|
| Current light smokers (%) |
21.0 |
21.7 |
18.4 |
15.0 |
|
25.3 |
20.3 |
18.6 |
14.8 |
|
| Current heavy smokers (%) |
15.0 |
16.1 |
15.9 |
12.1 |
|
15.4 |
13.7 |
14.9 |
13.6 |
|
| Healthy eating* (%) |
77.3 |
71.6 |
68.7 |
66.3 |
23 |
68.3 |
67.1 |
64.9 |
65.6 |
368 |
| Sport |
|
|
|
|
334 |
|
|
|
|
458 |
| Daily (%) |
6.7 |
6.3 |
5.3 |
3.2 |
|
6.7 |
6.5 |
6.7 |
7.1 |
|
| Several times per week (%) |
11.1 |
17.6 |
14.8 |
8.6 |
|
26.1 |
30.2 |
25.5 |
20.1 |
|
| Once per week (%) |
24.4 |
24.8 |
20.7 |
13.7 |
|
22.6 |
23.6 |
20.0 |
16.7 |
|
| Less than once per week (%) |
57.9 |
51.3 |
59.2 |
74.6 |
|
44.6 |
39.7 |
47.8 |
56.1 |
|
| Education |
|
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
|
185 |
| Tertiary (%) |
6.9 |
6.8 |
5.0 |
3.9 |
|
9.6 |
8.2 |
6.0 |
3.8 |
|
| Upper secondary (%) |
15.6 |
14.1 |
9.8 |
6.6 |
|
13.9 |
15.0 |
14.6 |
10.8 |
|
| Secondary (%) |
54.8 |
48.8 |
46.4 |
40.8 |
|
62.8 |
57.2 |
51.8 |
47.7 |
|
| Mandatory (%) | 22.8 | 30.3 | 38.8 | 48.7 | 13.7 | 19.5 | 27.6 | 37.6 | ||
§38 participants with missing information on cause of death. °Current light smokers: <20 cigarettes or 10 cigarillos or 10 pipes or 5 "stumpen" or 5 cigars a day. Current heavy smokers: ≥20 cigarettes or 10 cigarillos or 10 pipes or 5 "stumpen" or 5 cigars a day. *Defined as follows: MONICA, NRP 1A and SOMIPOPS: regularly eating three main meals per day; SHS 92/93: eating fruits and vegetables at least once per day. 31,578 participants (25–74 years at baseline) of Swiss MONICA, NRP1A, SOMIPOPS and SHS 92/93. Measured BMI: Swiss MONICA: 9,837 part. NRP 1A: 6,914 part. Self-reported BMI: SOMIPOPS: 3,503 part. SHS 92/93: 11,324 part.