Table IV.
Overview of reviewed studies and interventions
| Characteristics | Total | Two group design | Triple P studies |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) (within category) | n (%) (within category) | |
| Total | 17 (100.0) | 9 (52.9) | 5 (29.4) |
| Evaluation designa | |||
| RCT | 7 (41.2) | 7 (100.0) | 4 (57.1) |
| Two group (non-RCT) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (100.0) | 1 (50) |
| Single group, pre–post or time series | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Single group, other (e.g. one measurement) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Prevention type | |||
| Primary | 12 (70.6) | 7 (58.3) | 3 (25.0) |
| Primary and secondary | 4 (25.3) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) |
| Secondary and tertiary | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Primary outcome targeted | |||
| Shaken baby syndrome/AHT | 6 (35.3) | 2 (33.3) | 0 (0) |
| Positive parenting (Triple P) | 5 (29.4) | 5 (100) | 5 (100) |
| Positive parenting (other/not Triple P or AHT) | 3 (17.6) | 2 (66.7) | 0 (0) |
| Other (e.g. abuse recognition) | 3 (17.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Positive outcomesb | |||
| Any (below groups not mutually exclusive) | 13 (76.5) | 9 (69.2) | 5 (38.5) |
| Child abuse or AHT, reduction | 3 (17.6) | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) |
| Parenting behavior, improvement | 4 (17.6) | 4 (100.0) | 3 (75.0) |
| Child behavior, improvement | 4 (25.3) | 4 (100.0) | 4 (4/100) |
| Other (e.g. parent mental health, intentions; community knowledge, attitudes, reporting) | 11 (64.7) | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) |
| No. of risk factors addressed | |||
| 7–8 | 6 (35.3) | 6 (100.0) | 5 (100.0) |
| 5–6 | 3 (17.6) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0) |
| 3–4 | 5 (29.4) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) |
| 1–2 | 3 (17.6) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0) |
aIf more than one design was used in a study, the study was credited for the ‘better’ design.
bPositive outcomes were classified as those that were statistically significant at P < 0.05 in the desired direction for RCTs, other two group designs and single group pre–post or time series designs; no findings from studies (n = 4) with single time point or ambiguous time point surveys were included.
AHT, abusive head trauma.