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. 2014 Apr 10;14:136. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-136

Table 2.

Selected maternal characteristics, antenatal risk factors, and pregnancy outcomes for First Nations pregnancies, by diabetes in pregnancy status and type, Alberta, Canada, 2000–2009 (n = 28,306)

  Women without diabetes (n = 26,793) Women with diabetes (n = 1,513) P-value Women with pre-existing diabetes (n = 289) Women with GDM (n = 1,224) P-value
Maternal characteristics and risks
 
 
 
 
 
 
Age (years)
24.7 (5.8)
28.9 (6.2)
<0.001
29.2 (6.03)
28.8 (6.27)
0.407
Rural
51.8 (51.2-52.4)
52.5 (49.9-55.0)
0.614
55.4 (49.43-61.18)
51.8 (48.96-54.63)
0.275
Weight ≥ 91 kg
10.8 (10.5-11.2)
31.7 (29.3-34.1)
<0.001
37.0 (31.44-42.87)
30.4 (27.85-33.08)
0.030
Pre-existing hypertension
0.9 (0.8-1.0)
4.2 (3.3-5.4)
<0.001
9.3 (6.25-13.30)
3.0 (2.14-4.14)
<0.001
Pregnancy induced hypertension
4.4 (4.2-4.7)
8.1 (6.7-9.7)
<0.001
10.0 (6.82-14.09)
11.3 (9.56-13.18)
0.545
Proteinuria
2.4 (2.2-2.6)
5.6 (4.5-6.9)
<0.001
7.6 (4.83-11.30)
5.2 (3.98-6.54)
0.102
Anemia
2.3 (2.1-2.5)
1.3 (0.8-2.0)
0.013
0.7 (0.08-2.48)
1.5 (0.87-2.31)
0.297
Smoker
54.7 (54.1-55.3)
49.4 (46.8-51.9)
<0.001
48.1 (42.21-54.02)
49.7 (46.83-52.51)
0.630
Alcohol anytime
10.4 (10.0-11.0)
7.8 (6.2-9.8)
0.001
6.9 (3.71-12.33)
7.9 (6.15-10.08)
0.285
Drug dependant
6.6 (6.3-6.9)
3.5 (2.6-4.6)
<0.001
4.9 (2.69-8.05)
3.2 (2.25-4.32)
0.155
Antepartum risk ≥ 7
10.4 (10.1-10.8)
30.7 (28.4-33.1)
<0.001
47.1 (41.19-52.99)
26.9 (24.41-29.46)
<0.001
Pregnancy Outcomes
 
 
 
 
 
 
Induction of labour
23.8 (23.1-24.3)
41.7 (39.2-44.2)
<0.001
33.6 (28.14-39.33)
43.6 (40.83-46.46)
0.002
Cesarean section
19.1 (18.6-19.5)
35.4 (33.0-37.8)
<0.001
46.7 (40.85-52.65)
32.7 (30.06-35.39)
<0.001
Low birth weight
8.0 (7.6-8.3)
7.2 (6.0-8.6)
0.308
9.0 (5.96-12.90)
6.8 (5.45-8.35)
0.193
High birth weight
16.7 (16.3-17.2)
29.3 (27.0-31.6)
<0.001
26.3 (21.32-31.77)
30.0 (27.39-32.61)
0.220
Breastfeeding
71.2 (70.5-72.8)
74.7 (69.3-79.6)
0.266
77.5 (61.55-89.16)
74.2 (68.34-79.49)
0.656
Preterm
9.2 (8.9-9.6)
17.3 (15.4-19.3)
<0.001
22.8 (18.13-28.12)
16.0 (13.96-18.15)
0.005
Stillbirth
1.2 (1.1-1.3)
2.1 (1.5-2.9)
0.002
3.8 (1.92-6.71)
1.7 (1.07-2.61)
0.027
Congenital anomaly
1.8 (1.6-2.0)
1.4 (0.8-2.3)
0.437
3.1 (1.36-6.06)
0.9 (0.43-1.79)
0.032
Neonatal intensive care unit admission 8.6 (8.3-9.0) 16.7 (14.8-15.7) <0.001 19.0 (14.62-24.07) 16.1 (14.08-18.31) 0.326

Data presented are mean (standard deviation) or percentage (95% confidence intervals).