Table 4.

Multivariate predictors of GDM and pre-existing diabetes among all Albertan women and all First Nations women, by ethnicity

	All women				First Nations
	(n = 427,058)				(n = 28,306)
Variable	OR (95% CI) for GDM	P-value	OR (95% CI) for pre-existing diabetes	P-value	OR (95% CI) for GDM	P-value	OR (95% CI) for pre-existing diabetes	P-value
First Nations ethnicity	1.47 (1.38-1.57)	<0.001	1.73 (1.52-1.96)	<0.001	–	–	–	–
Rural residence	0.69 (0.66-0.73)	<0.001	–	–	–	–	–	–
Age ≤ 17*	0.35 (0.28-0.45)	<0.001	0.29 (0.16-0.52)	<0.001	0.48 (0.34-0.67)	<0.001	0.42 (0.18-0.94)	0.035
Age ≥ 35*	2.34 (2.26-2.42)	<0.001	1.57 (1.43-1.72)	<0.001	2.81 (2.41-3.27)	<0.001	2.23 (1.64-3.02)	<0.001
Weight ≥ 91 kg	2.51 (2.40-2.61)	<0.001	2.31 (2.10-2.54)	<0.001	2.93 (2.56-3.33)	<0.001	3.25 (2.52-4.18)	<0.001
Hypertension	1.63 (1.45-1.84)	<0.001	4.45 (3.82-5.43)	<0.001	–	–	5.09 (3.03-8.58)	<0.001
Previous stillbirth	1.96 (1.75-2.18)	<0.001	2.56 (2.07-3.18)	<0.001	1.76 (1.30-2.38)	<0.001	3.05 (1.93-4.81)	<0.001
Previous abortion	–	–	1.42 (1.23-1.64)	<0.001	–	–	1.58 (1.11-2.25)	0.012
Previous cesarean section	1.37 (1.32-1.43)	<0.001	1.76 (1.61-1.94)	<0.001	1.40 (1.20-1.63)	<0.001	1.88 (1.41-2.47)	<0.001
Previous small for gestational age infant	–	–	0.53 (0.29-0.96)	0.038	–	–	–	–
Previous large for gestational age infant	–	–	2.79 (2.31-3.39)	<0.001	2.58 (1.99-3.35)	<0.001	3.23 (2.10-4.97)	<0.001
Proteinuria	1.61 (1.48-1.76)	<0.001	2.62 (2.23-3.08)	<0.001	1.85 (1.40-2.44)	<0.001	2.05 (1.26-3.32)	0.04
Smoker	0.90 (0.86-0.94)	<0.001	–	–	–	–	–	–
Drug dependant	0.51 (0.41-0.63)	<0.001	–	–	0.54 (0.39-0.74)	<0.001	–	–
Alcohol anytime	–	–	0.68 (0.50-0.93)	0.016	–	–	–	–

Data presented are OR, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals);

GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.

^*Compared with age 18-34.