. 2014 Apr 2;15:53. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-53

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics: ACEi/ARB users and non-users

	Pre-matched cohort		Propensity matched cohort
	ACEi/ARB users	Non-users	ACEi/ARB users	Non-users
	N = 101,494	N = 135,714	N = 67,822	N = 67,822
Demographics
Women	41,034 (40.4%)	60,522 (44.6%)	29,425 (43.4%)	29,425 (43.4%)
Age at index date (years)	74 (70 to 78)	73 (69 to 78)	74 (70 to 78)	74 (70 to 78)
Age groups (years)
66 to 70	30,557 (30.1%)	43,652 (32.2%)	20,098 (29.6%)	20,165 (29.7%)
71 to 75	30,966 (30.5%)	40,782 (30.0%)	20,482 (30.2%)	20,391 (30.1%)
76 to 80	23,898 (23.5%)	29,529 (21.8%)	15,982 (23.6%)	15,779 (23.3%)
81 to 85	11,812 (11.6%)	15,361 (11.3%)	8,101 (11.9%)	8,205 (12.1%)
86 to 90	3,651 (3.6%)	5,294 (3.9%)	2,682 (4.0%)	2,761 (4.1%)
91+	610 (0.6%)	1,096 (0.8%)	477 (0.7%)	521 (0.8%)
Comorbidities
Chronic kidney disease	7,538 (7.4%)^a	5,027 (3.7%)^a	3,852 (5.7%)	3,852 (5.7%)
Coronary artery disease	67,921 (66.9%)^a	61,137 (45.0%)^a	40,114 (59.1%)	40,346 (59.5%)
Congestive heart failure	22,108 (21.8%)^a	12,413 (9.1%)^a	10,740 (15.8%)	10,317 (15.2%)
Cerebrovascular disease	18,016 (17.8%)^a	17,551 (12.9%)^a	10,970 (16.2%)	11,097 (16.4%)
Peripheral vascular disease	6,490 (6.4%)^a	5,571 (4.1%)^a	3,675 (5.4%)	3,599 (5.3%)
COPD	5,806 (5.7%)	7,121 (5.2%)	3,789 (5.6%)	3,527 (5.2%)
Chronic liver disease	295 (0.3%)	478 (0.4%)	200 (0.3%)	194 (0.3%)
Medications
Oral hypoglycemic	21,267 (21.0%)^a	10,381 (7.6%)^a	8,766 (12.9%)	8,625 (12.7%)
Insulin	6,089 (6.0%)^a	2,381 (1.8%)^a	2,348 (3.5%)	1,937 (2.9%)
Anti-diabetic medication^b	25,041 (24.7%)^a	12,215 (9.0%)^a	10,364 (15.3%)	10,076 (14.9%)
β-blocker	44,835 (44.2%)^a	34,096 (25.1%)^a	24,550 (36.2%)	24,702 (36.4%)
Calcium channel blocker	36,659 (36.1%)^a	32,859 (24.2%)^a	21,630 (31.9%)	22,131 (32.6%)
Diuretic^c	40,345 (39.8%)^a	22,042 (16.2%)^a	19,830 (29.2%)	19,595 (28.9%)
Statin	53,915 (53.1%)^a	31,691 (23.4%)^a	27,348 (40.3%)	26,913 (39.7%)
Surgical characteristics
Type of surgery
Cardiac surgery	40,694 (40.1%)^a	29,475 (21.7%)^a	22,222 (32.8%)	22,380 (33.0%)
Vascular surgery	18,459 (18.2%)^a	18,969 (14.0%)^a	11,509 (17.0%)	11,904 (17.5%)
Thoracic surgery	5,771 (5.7%)	10,177 (7.5%)	4,561 (6.7%)	4,176 (6.2%)
Abdominal surgery	30,471 (30.0%)^a	64,911 (47.8%)^a	24,592 (36.2%)	24,630 (36.3%)
Retro-peritoneal surgery	6,099 (6.0%)^a	12,182 (9.0%)^a	4,938 (7.3%)	4,732 (7.0%)
Era of surgery
1995 to 1998	14,718 (14.5%)^a	45,173 (33.3%)^a	13,278 (19.6%)	13,647 (20.1%)
1999 to 2001	16,900 (16.6%)^a	30,122 (22.2%)^a	13,457 (19.8%)	13,963 (20.6%)
2002 to 2004	20,960 (20.7%)^a	21,992 (16.2%)^a	13,404 (19.8%)	13,194 (19.5%)
2005 to 2007	23,711 (23.4%)^a	19,520 (14.4%)^a	13,625 (20.1%)	13,300 (19.6%)
2008 to 2010	25,205 (24.8%)^a	18,907 (13.9%)^a	14,058 (20.7%)	13,718 (20.2%)

ACEi: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Data are presented as number (percent) except age at index date, which is presented as median (interquartile range). Index date is a surgical procedure date or hospital admission date (if the surgical procedure date is not available).

^aRepresents a standardized difference of >10% between ACEi or ARB users and non-users and we considered it as a meaningful difference [34]. Standardized difference is less sensitive to sample size compared to traditional hypothesis tests and is calculated by examining the difference between the two groups divided by the pooled standard deviation of the two groups [34].

^bAnti-diabetic medication includes oral hypoglycemic and insulin. ^cDiuretic include loop diuretic and thiazide diuretic. 3.0% (3,091/101,494) patients were on ACEi and ARB.