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Mechanisms of RIPK3-mediated necroptosis. Various stimuli including DNA damage, viral infection, engagement of receptors, such as TCR, TLR or TNFR, lead to RIPK3 activation. Activation of RIPK3 leads to its oligomerisation and downstream phosphorylation of MLKL. This also results in mitochondria-dependent ROS production. Upon phosphorylation, MLKL oligomerises and translocates to the plasma membrane and causes its lysis.
