TABLE 2.
Serum concentrations of nutrient biomarkers (mean, SD) at each time-point by diet arm
| Serum Analyte | Healthy Eating | Mediterranean | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 61) | 6 Months (n = 47) | Baseline (n = 59) | 6 Months (n = 47) | |
| SFA (%) | 34, 5 | 34, 5 | 34, 5 | 33. 5 |
| MUFA (%)1 | 24, 6 | 24, 5 | 24, 5 | 27, 42 |
| N6 PUFA (%) | 36, 7 | 36, 7 | 37, 7 | 34, 62 |
| N3 PUFA (%) | 3.8, 1.2 | 4.1, 1.5 | 3.7, 1.5 | 4.2, 1.42 |
| N3/N6 fatty acid ratio | 0.11, 0.04 | 0.12, 0.05 | 0.11, 0.07 | 0.13, 0.052 |
| Total carotenoids (pg/mL) | 959, 508 | 1240, 8732 | 1033, 807 | 1154, 746 |
| Lutein (pg/mL) | 170, 84 | 200, 852 | 174, 104 | 219, 1522 |
| Zeaxanthin (pg/mL) | 40, 22 | 46, 21 | 40, 19 | 47, 44 |
| β-Cryptoxanthin (pg/mL) | 79, 51 | 115, 106 | 88, 74 | 118, 1142 |
| β-Carotene (pg/mL) | 229, 227 | 382, 5072 | 303, 472 | 367, 4362 |
| α-Carotene (pg/mL) | 78, 70 | 164, 2442 | 97, 136 | 110, 86 |
| Lycopene (pg/mL) | 363, 262 | 333, 236 | 331, 271 | 294, 168 |
§
Significance testing is based on the model for transformed outcome, with transformations as described in methods.
1
A significant group x time interaction was present at p < 0.05
2
Significantly different than baseline for that diet arm, p < 0.05. All models had analysis batch, baseline age, BMI, and smoking status as covariates.