Table 1.
Patient characteristics (Study 1).
| Variables | CABG | Open heart surgery | Healthy controls | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 29 | 36 | 12 | |
| Male sex (%) | 100* | 52.8 | 50 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 52.7 ± 8.1 | 44.9 ± 13.6** | 55.8 ± 6.5 | 0.002 |
| Education (years) | 13.9 ± 2.4 | 13.7 ± 2.3 | 13.7 ± 3.0 | NS |
| History of atrium fibrillation (%) | 22.2 | 52.7 | 0.014 | |
| History of hypertension (%) | 66.7 | 61.1 | NS | |
| History of diabetes (%) | 14.8 | 3.2 | NS | |
| Previous myocardial infarction (%) | 48.1 | 8.3 | <0.001 | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 56.0 ± 7.3 | 62.9 ± 7.5 | 0.001 | |
| Cardio-pulmonary bypass time (min) | 128.4 ± 35.0 | 128.3 ± 58.5 | NS | |
| Aortic cross-clamp time (min) | 70.0 ± 21.2 | 76.5 ± 39.5 | NS | |
| Mini-Mental State Examination | 26.2 ± 3.1 | 26.4 ± 2.4 | 27.0 ± 2.2 | NS |
| WAIS Information subtest | 24.4 ± 3.2 | 23.2 ± 3.6 | 25.8 ± 2.4 | NS |
| WAIS Digit Span Forward | 5.97 ± 1.22 | 6.11 ± 1.06 | 5.83 ± 1.27 | NS |
| WAIS Digit Span Backward | 4.30 ± 0.79 | 4.56 ± 1.02 | 4.58 ± 0.90 | NS |
| WAIS Digit Symbol | 40.0 ± 9.5 | 40.1 ± 10.8 | 45.8 ± 6.2 | NS |
| WAIS Block Designs | 34.2 ± 8.0 | 35.1 ± 7.8 | 36.9 ± 7.8 | NS |
| Logical memory test | 10.6 ± 2.3 | 11.0 ± 2.4 | 13.0 ± 2.3 | 0.013 |
| Luria memory test | 8.17 ± 0.61 | 8.09 ± 1.08 | 8.23 ± 0.90 | NS |
| Benton Visual Retention Test | 6.43 ± 1.48*** | 6.83 ± 1.50*** | 8.08 ± 1.44 | 0.007 |
| Trail Making Test, part A | 49.2 ± 6.8 | 51.6 ± 8.9 | 52.9 ± 9.8 | NS |
| Trail Making Test, part B | 86.8 ± 30.7 | 80.6 ± 19.3 | 83.1 ± 19.5 | NS |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD, where appropriate.
Abbreviations: CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; NS: not significant; WAIS: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
*CABG group differed near significantly from Open Heart patients and control group.
**Open Heart patients differed significantly from CABG and control groups.
***CABG and Open Heart patients differed significantly from healthy controls.