Table 4.

Reviewed variables and effects by study

Study	Dependent variable	ES	95% CI
de Brauw and Peterman (2011) (El Salvador)	Adequate prenatal monitoring (5 or more visits)	-0.065	-0.059, 0.065
	Birth attended by skilled personnel	0.123	0.129, −0.006
	Gave birth in hospital	0.153	0.147, 0.159
	Mother went for postnatal check-up	-0.059	-0.050, −0.068
Morris, Flores, Olinto, and Medina (2004) (Honduras)	Adequate prenatal monitoring (5 or more visits)	0.187	0.074, 0.30
	Adequate prenatal monitoring (5 or more visits)	0.184	0.069, 0.299
	Adequate prenatal monitoring (5 or more visits)	0.132	-0.016, 0.28
	10-day postpartum check-up	-0.056	-0.157, 0.045
	10-day postpartum check-up	-0.057	-0.16, 0.045
	10-day postpartum check-up	0.012	-0.118, 0.143
	Child taken to health centre at least once in last 30 days	0.202	0.109, 0.296
	Child taken to health centre at least once in the last 30 days	0.149	0.056, 0.243
	Child taken to health centre at least once in the last 30 days	-0.018	-0.134, 0.098
	Tetanus toxoid for mothers	0.042	-0.097, 0.182
	Tetanus toxoid for mothers	0.081	-0.061, 0.222
	Tetanus toxoid for mothers	0.064	-0.116, 0.244
	Weighed in the last 30 days (mothers)	0.211	0.111, 0.311
	Weighed in the last 30 days (mothers)	0.176	0.075, 0.276
	Weighed in the last 30 days (mothers)	0.08	-0.044, 0.204
Barber and Gertler (2009) (Mexico)	Tetanus toxoid for mother	0.368	NA
	Average physical examination visits	0.059	NA
	Iron supplements	0.053	NA
	Average increase in prevention and case management	0.043	NA
	Prenatal procedures received	0.122	NA
Lim et al. (2010) (India)	Adequate prenatal monitoring (3 or more visits)	0.109	0.046, 0.172
	Birth attended by skilled personnel	0.393	0.337, 0.45
	In-facility births	0.492	0.432, 0.551
	Perinatal deaths (per 1,000 pregnancies)	-14.2	-31.0, 2.7
	Neonatal deaths (per 1,000 livebirths)	-6.2	-20.4, 8.1
	Maternal deaths (per 100,000 livebirths)	-100.5	-582.2, 381.2
Ozer et al. (2011) (Mexico)	Full depression scale (0-60)	-1.71	-2.46, −0.96
Powell-Jackson et al. (2011) (Nepal)	Delivery at facility	0.04	0.05,0.31
	Birth attended by skilled personnel	0.052	0.06, 0.28
Powell-Jackson et al. (2009) (Nepal)	Birth attended by skilled personnel	0.023	-0.082, 0.129
	Number of antenatal care visits	0.031	0.008, 0.054
	Neonatal mortality	-0.0004	0,0
	Delivery at home	-0.042	-0.329, 0.245
	Delivery at government facility	0.026	0.168, −0.116
	Delivery at private facility	0.002	0.007, −0.003
	Delivery with a health worker	0.044	0.342, −0.254
	Delivery by caesarean section	-0.001	0.0, −0.002
Sosa-Rubi et al. (2011) (Mexico)	Antenatal visits	0.021
Baird et al. (2011) (Malawi)	Teenage pregnancy (conditional transfer)	0.029	0.027
	Teenage pregnancy (unconditional transfer)	-0.067	0.024
Stecklov et al. (2007) (Latin America)	Fertility; controlled for education, age, household, wealth (Honduras)	0.039	0.002
	Fertility; controlled for education, age, household, wealth (Nicaragua)	0.009	0.565
	Fertility; controlled for education, age, household, wealth (Mexico)	-0.003	0.852
Urquieta et al. (2009) (Mexico)	Skilled attendance at delivery	0.028	0.027
Alam et al. (2010) (Pakistan)	Probability of marriage	0.0082	0.008
	Age at marriage	1.46	0.621
	Probability of giving birth	-0.0808	0.172
	Number of children	-0.329	0.181
Oportunidades, Official evaluation (Mexico)	Maternal anaemia for women of childbearing age, urban	0.003
	Maternal anaemia for women of childbearing age, rural	-0.014
IDB; Gutierrez et al. (2011) (Guatemala)	Folic acid supplement	0.07	*
	Iron supplement	0.1	**
	Number of prenatal visits at health centres	0.11	**
	Skilled attendance at delivery	0.01
Baird et al. (2009) (Malawi)	Risky sexual activity	-0.159
	Sexual activity (number of partners)	-0.036
	Teenage pregnancy	-0.051	**
Barber (2009) (Mexico)	Caesarean section rate	0.0508	**

ES=Effect-size